Toothbrush Head Stand: Difference between revisions

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<languages/>
{{TutorialInfo|Topic=Modeling|Level=Beginner|Author=[[User:EmmanuelG|EmmanuelG]]|Time=Less than an hour|FCVersion=0.16 or greater|Files=[https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2403310 Thingiverse 2403310]}}
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<!--T:1-->
{{TutorialInfo|Topic=Modeling|Level=Beginner|Author=[[User:EmmanuelG|EmmanuelG]]|Time=1 hour|FCVersion=0.16 or greater|Files=[https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2403310 Thingiverse 2403310]}}


== A daily-life problem ==
== A daily-life problem == <!--T:2-->

<!--T:3-->
Electric toothbrushes rarely come with a head stand, while in a family you will often see multiple heads used with one body. Many people facing a common problem lead us to a variety of solutions, as you can see on Thingiverse (200-800 projects are related to that). Here is the first answer and how to design it.
Electric toothbrushes rarely come with a head stand, while in a family you will often see multiple heads used with one body. Many people facing a common problem lead us to a variety of solutions, as you can see on Thingiverse (200-800 projects are related to that). Here is the first answer and how to design it.


<!--T:4-->
This tutorial will take you through the steps needed to model the part shown in the image below using basic tools and techniques from the [[PartDesign Workbench|Part Design Workbench]] (many of the tools and capabilities are not covered).
This tutorial will take you through the steps needed to model the part shown in the image below using basic tools from the [[PartDesign Workbench|Part Design Workbench]] (many of the tools and capabilities are not covered).


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[[Image:TBHS-model.png|center]]
[[Image:TBHS-model.png|center]]
<translate>


== First idea : a plate ==
== First idea : a plate == <!--T:5-->
From the start-page, select Part Design, or create a new document and select the Part Design Workbench.
*From the start-page, select [[Image:Workbench_PartDesign.svg‎‎]] ''Part Design'', or create a new document and select the ''Part Design'' workbench.

[[Image:TBHS-0.png|center]]
[[Image:TBHS-0.png|center]]


=== Create a sketch ===
=== Create a sketch === <!--T:6-->
*Click on [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_NewSketch|'''New sketch''']]. Either from the contextual task menu at the left, or the toolbar above or from the Part Design menu at the top.
Square
[[File:TBHS-1.JPG|800px|center]]


=== Create a pad ===
Volume !


<!--T:7-->
=== Create a sketch ===
A dialog prompts you to choose the sketch orientation and provide an offset.
Circles


<!--T:8-->
=== Create a pad ===
*We will pick the XY Plane as shown in the image above (that orientation correspond to the common build plate of most 3D printers), then click OK.
Cylinders !


<!--T:9-->
=== Final touches ===
[[File:TBHS-2.JPG|800px|center]]
Rounding the edges.


== Second idea ==


<!--T:10-->
=== Main part with pad ===
You now are facing the XY plane from above, and have access to the drawing tools.
Once there, you will want to create a new document if you have not done so already. It is a good habit to save your work often, so before anything else save the new document, giving it any name you might like. Now that it is saved, we will start with out base sketch. To start this Sketch, click on the [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.png‎‎|32px]] New sketch icon on the tool bar or from the Part Design menu, New sketch. Once invoked, you should see a dialog that prompts you to choose sketch orientation and provide an offset. We will not be using offset, but for our base sketch we want to pick the YZ plane as shown in the image below. Once the YZ plane is selected click OK and we can start to construct the first sketch.


<!--T:11-->
[[Image:PD WB Tutorial001.png|center]]
* Click on [[File:Sketcher_CreateRectangle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRectangle|'''Rectangle''']].
* Click to place a first point.
* Click to place the opposite corner.
* Press {{KEY|ESC}} or click the right mouse button to stop using the tool.


<!--T:12-->
Next you will want to use [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePolyline.png|32px]] the Polyline tool and make a shape roughly like that in the next image. It does not need to be perfect as the final shape is done with constraints. Once you have the basic shape, we will start applying the constraints. If you had Auto constraints on, some of these constraints will have been applied automatically, if not, do the following.
[[File:TBHS-3.JPG|800px|center]]


# Select the two horizontal lines with your mouse by clicking on them, and once selected, click on the [[File:Constraint Horizontal.png|32px]] horizontal constraint.
# Select the vertical line on the right and then click on the [[File:Constraint Vertical.png|32px]]vertical constraint.
# Select the start and end points of your polyline and click on the [[File:Constraint PointOnPoint.png|32px]] coincident constraint to close the polyline.
# Select the bottom horizontal line and the right vertical line and apply and [[File:Constraint EqualLength.png|32px]] equal constraint.
# Select either the horizontal or vertical line and apply either a corresponding [[File:Constraint HorizontalDistance.png|32px]] horizontal or [[File:Constraint VerticalDistance.png|32px]] vertical distance constraint and give it a value of 26 mm.
# Select the top horizontal line and apply the horizontal distance constraint and give it a value of 5 mm
# Select the lower left point, (vertice) of the horizontal line and the upper right point of the vertical line, then select the center point of the grid and apply the [[File:Constraint Symmetric.png|32px]] symmetry constraint.


<!--T:13-->
At this point you should have a fully constrained sketch as indicated by it changing color and the message shown in the Combo View. It should now look just like the image below.
You now have a floating rectangle of unspecified dimensions.


<!--T:14-->
[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial002.png|center]]
* Click on a line of the rectangle, you now have access to the constraint tools at the right of the toolbar (depending of the size of your screen you may need to drag them to the left in order to see them all)
* Click on [[File:Constraint_Length.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainDistance|'''Distance''']]
* A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 80mm, click OK.
* Repeat with the other side of the rectangle, also 80mm.


<!--T:15-->
Now in the Combo View, click on the OK button to leave the sketch edit mode and select [[File:PartDesign Pad.png|32px]] Pad from the toolbar or from the Part Design menu. This will give you a Pad dialog in the Combo View. Using that dialog, first using the Type pulldown menu, select Two dimensions. Drawing presented at the beginning of this tutorial says the part is 53 mm long. We do it by Padding our sketch both ways from the center plane to make up that distance i.e. make the pad symmetric in relation of sketch-plane. The reason for is seen later when creating features. For now, given we want it to be 53 mm long in total we will input 26.5 for Length, and 26.5 again for the Second length. Alternatively, you can provide a single length of 53 mm and click the Symmetric to plane check box. Once that is done we now have our base solid upon which we will add additional features to construct our part.
[[File:TBHS-4.JPG|800px|center]]


A video of the steps used in this portion of the tutorial is here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UacO5Pa4gIM


<!--T:16-->
=== Features with pocket and external geometry ===
You now have a floating square.
Using the mouse or the view icons turn the model around so you can see its back. Once the back of the part is visible, select the back face by clicking on it as seen in the next image.


<!--T:17-->
[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial003.png|center]]
* Click on the lower left point of the square.
* Click on the origin of the XY plane (at the intersection of the two thick lines).
* Click on [[File:Constraint_PointOnPoint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainCoincident ‎|'''Coincident''']].


<!--T:18-->
After the face is selected, click on the New sketch icon in the toolbar or from the Part Design menu and that will map our next sketch to the back face of the part. Now select [[File:Sketcher_CreateRectangle.png|32px]] rectangle tool and place a rectangle on the rear face of the part in a similar fashion as shown below. Now following the steps listed, constrain the sketch.
[[File:TBHS-5.JPG|800px|center]]




<!--T:19-->
# Select one of the horizontal lines apply a horizontal distance constraint and a value of 5 mm.
You now have a totally constrained sketch, as you are told by the solver on the left and the change of color.
# Select one of the vertical lines and give it a vertical distance constraint and a value of 11 mm.
It is a good practice to always have a totally constrained sketch.
# Use [[File:Sketcher_External.png|32px]] External geometry tool and select the upper right vertex of the face and click it so you are provided a point from the external geometry to link our sketch to.


<!--T:20-->
[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial004.png|center]]
An under-constrained sketch can leave room for unwanted change, if you modify something later on.
On the opposite, an over-constrained sketch is also not good. In that case the solver warn you of redundant constraints and you should remove some of them.


<!--T:21-->
Select that point you just made available with the External geometry tool and then select the upper right vertex of the rectangle and click on the coincident constraint. At this point the sketch should be fully constrained and look like the next image.
* To leave the sketch, click either on the "Close" button on the left, or the [[File:Sketcher_LeaveSketch.png|32px]] icon in the toolbar, or press {{KEY|ESC}}.


<!--T:22-->
[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial005.png|center]]
[[File:TBHS-6.JPG|800px|center]]


Once that is done, click the Close button at the top of the Tasks tab in the Combo View window, then select [[File:PartDesign_Pocket.png|32px]] Pocket tool from the toolbar or Part Design menu. Using this tool is the opposite of the Pad tool. As the Pad tool adds material to the part, the Pocket tool removes material from the part. Both operations are called features. In this Pocket operation we want to select Through all from the type pulldown-menu and then click the OK button.


<!--T:23-->
For the next operation, make sure that “Pocket” is selected in the Model tree view and once done, click on [[File:PartDesign_Mirrored.png|32px]] the Mirror feature on the toolbar or from the Part Design menu. In the Mirror dialog in the Combo View, select Horizontal sketch axis from the Plane pulldown menu. Then click OK. The Mirror feature works in this way because the base feature of our model was Padded both ways from the horizontal plane in the first operation with the base sketch. If all has gone well, you should now have a part that looks like the image below after you orbit it around to the front.
You now only see the square, and the contextual task menu on the left show you more options than before.


=== Create a pad === <!--T:24-->
[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial006.png|center]]
* Click on [[Image:View-axometric.svg|32px]] '''Axonometric''' among the standard views, to better see what will happen.
* Click on [[File:PartDesign_Pad.svg|32px]] '''Pad'''.
* Enter 4mm and click OK.


<!--T:25-->
A video of the steps used in this portion of the tutorial is here:
[[File:TBHS-7.JPG|800px|center]]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nnVQDjUpS3o


=== Features with pad and external geometry ===
After taking a look, orbit back around and once again select the back face of the part and select that face to map the next sketch to.


<!--T:26-->
[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial007.png|center]]
Your sketch is now in volume !


=== Create a sketch on it === <!--T:27-->
Select New sketch and make a new rectangle in the manner similar to what is shown below in the next image. Then proceed to add dimensional constraints to the rectangle.
* Select the upper face


<!--T:28-->
# Select a horizontal line and apply a horizontal distance constraint with a value of 16.7.
[[File:TBHS-8.JPG|800px|center]]
# Select a vertical line and apply a vertical distance constraint of 7 mm
# Using the External geometry tool, select the upper left vertex of the part face.


[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial008.png|center]]


<!--T:29-->
Now selecting the upper left vertex of the rectangle and the external geometry point, click on the coincident constraint to fully constrain the sketch.
The color of the face change and you have more options in the contextual task menu.


<!--T:30-->
[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial009.png|center]]
* Click on [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.svg|32px]] '''New sketch'''. As a face was selected it will not ask you to choose a plane.


<!--T:31-->
Next we will click on the Pad feature and in the Pad dialog in the Combo View we want a length of 26 mm leaving the type as Dimension and then placing a check on the Reversed checkbox. Using the Reversed checkbox will cause the Pad to go into the part instead of away from the part. This operation provides with the following result.
[[File:TBHS-9.JPG|800px|center]]


[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial010.png|center]]


<!--T:32-->
Once again use the Mirror feature to get the second pad. First ensure that created Pad is selected in the tree view, then click on Mirror in the toolbar of select it from the Part Design menu. We will repeat the operation we did for Pocket above and select Horizontal sketch axis from the Plane pulldown menu.
* Click on [[File:Sketcher_Circle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateCircle|'''Circle''']], click to place the center, move the pointer and click to define the radius.
* Draw 4 circles on the pad (of any size)
* Press {{KEY|ESC}} or click the right mouse button to stop using the tool.


<!--T:33-->
A video of the steps used in this portion of the tutorial is here:
[[File:TBHS-10.JPG|800px|center]]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZOF21fNVDs


=== Feature with pocket and external geometry ===
At this point orbiting the part around to the front, we can see that our part is now starting to look like the part in the dimensioned drawing at the beginning of this tutorial. Once you have the view of the front, click on the sloped face with your mouse to select the face we will use for the next sketch.


<!--T:34-->
[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial011.png|center]]
* Select the circles
* Click on [[File:Constraint_EqualLength.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainEqual|'''Equal Length''']]


<!--T:35-->
Here we will use the rectangle tool and place a rectangle in our sketch and once having done so, apply the following constraints.
[[File:TBHS-11.JPG|800px|center]]


# Select a horizontal line and a vertical line, and after both are selected, click on the Equals constraint.
# Select either a horizontal or vertical line and apply a corresponding horizontal or vertical distance constraint with a value of 17 mm
# Using the External geometry tool, select the top right vertex as shown in the image below.


<!--T:36-->
[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial012.png|center]]
Now the circles share the same radius.


<!--T:37-->
Now using the dimensions from the drawing, apply the following constraints.
* Click on [[File:Sketcher_External.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_External|'''External geometry''']].
* Click on the four sides of the square, it add lines, color magenta.


<!--T:38-->
# Select the external geometry point and the upper right vertex of the now square sketch and apply a horizontal distance constraint of 7 mm
[[File:TBHS-12.JPG|800px|center]]
# Select the external geometry point and the upper right vertex of the now square sketch and apply a vertical constraint of 11 mm


The result should be as follows.


<!--T:39-->
[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial013.png|center]]
Theses lines will serve as reference to position the circles.


<!--T:40-->
At this point if we were to simply Pocket this sketch, the resulting hole would be perpendicular to the sloped face that it is mapped to, and this is not what we want. We want the hole to be perpendicular to the back face, but it's projected dimensions are not the 17 mm x 17 mm dimensions that are given in the drawing. Now we could do the math and calculate the dimensions needed, or we can use the tools provided in FreeCAD to make that projection for us. To do that, we are going to create a small Pad feature from the sketch we just made as a helper. We will use the External geometry tool to project the points of the base of that helper Pad on to the back face where we will place our final sketch that will pocket the hole through to finish the model.
* Use [[File:Constraint_Length.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainDistance|'''Distance''']] to position them at 20mm from the edges.


<!--T:41-->
So first, after clicking OK and closing the Sketch edit dialog, select Pad and provide a distance of 1 mm. Click OK and you should see the following result.
[[File:TBHS-13.JPG|800px|center]]


[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial014.png|center]]


<!--T:42-->
A video of the steps used in this portion of the tutorial is here:
* Click on a circle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0hsJtbFW4Y
* Click on [[File:Constraint_Radius.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainRadius|'''Radius''']] and set it at 1,5mm.


<!--T:43-->
Next we will orbit back around to see the back face of the part once again and select the back face to map the final sketch to.
[[File:TBHS-14.JPG|800px|center]]


[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial015.png|center]]


<!--T:44-->
Select New sketch from the toolbar or Part Design menu. Now in sketch edit mode, we will orbit back around to the front so we can see two perpendicular edges of the Pad we made in the last operation. Using the External geometry tool, select the connected horizontal and vertical edges at the base of the Pad with the External geometry tool. The image below shows the base edges to be selected with the External geometry tool.
* To leave the sketch, click either on the "Close" button on the left, or the [[File:Sketcher_LeaveSketch.png|32px]] icon in the toolbar, or press {{KEY|ESC}}.


<!--T:45-->
[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial016.png|center]]
[[File:TBHS-15.JPG|800px|center]]


=== Create a pad=== <!--T:46-->
Now orbiting around to the back face, or alternatively double clicking on the active sketch in the Model tree view, you will see the two external geometry lines that we provided from the front of the model. Make a rectangle and using the coincident constraint, do the following.
* Click on [[Image:View-axometric.svg|32px]] '''Axonometric''' among the standard views, to better see what will happen.
* Click on [[File:PartDesign_Pad.svg|32px]] '''Pad'''.
* Enter 25mm and click OK.


<!--T:47-->
# Select the upper left vertex of the rectangle and the upper left point of the external geometry and click on the coincident constraint.
[[File:TBHS-16.JPG|800px|center]]
# Click on the lower right vertex of the rectangle and the lower right point of the external geometry and click on the coincident constraint.


And we should end up with this.


<!--T:48-->
[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial017.png|center]]
You have the basic shape, it just need final touches.


=== Rounding the corners === <!--T:49-->
For the final step in this tutorial, we will select the Pocket feature from the toolbar or from the Part Design menu and from the Type pulldown select Through all and click toe OK button.
* Holding {{KEY|CTRL}} click on the vertical edge at each corner to select the four of them.


<!--T:50-->
[[Image:PD_WB_Tutorial019.png|center]]
Don't hesitate to help you by switching the display mode (just at the left of the Axonometric View) between [[File:DrawStyleWireFrame.svg|32px]] '''Wireframe''' and [[File:DrawStyleFlatLines.svg|32px]] '''Wireframe and shadow'''.


<!--T:51-->
A video of these steps of the tutorial is here:
[[File:TBHS-17.JPG|800px|center]]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlQV9OkXWOI


Your model will have some extra lines on it compared to the images in this tutorial. To remove these extra lines, change to the OpenSCAD workbench, select Pocket001 from the hierarchy tree, and click the Refine Shape tool: [[Image:OpenSCAD_RefineShapeFeature.png|32px]]. This creates a refined version of the model that is parametrically linked to Pocket001 and so is also linked to the entire history of the model. If we change, for example, the numerical value of a distance constraint the Refined Shape will update. In contrast, the Part WorkBench also has a Refine Shape tool in the pulldown menu, and it creates a Refined Shape that is more like a snapshot of the model as it existed when the Refine Shape tool was used. If we change (for example again) the numerical value of a distance constraint, Refine Shape created from the Part Workbench remains the same and does not update.


<!--T:52-->
This tutorial and your model are complete.
* Click on [[File:PartDesign_Fillet.svg|32px]] [[PartDesign_Fillet|'''Fillet''']].
* Set the radius at 20mm.


<!--T:53-->
[[File:TBHS-18.JPG|800px|center]]


== Additional Resources ==


<!--T:54-->
*Links to accompanying video have been included.
Much better.
*FreeCAD file for comparison (made with 0.16.6706) [https://github.com/FreeCAD/Examples/blob/master/Basic_Part_Design_Tutorial_Example_Files/Basic_Part_Design_Tutorial.FCStd Download]


=== Making it more robust === <!--T:55-->
{{clear}}
We need to add material at the base of the cylinders to make them less prone to snap. Because of the printing orientation these small surfaces will be fragile at the junction with the base.
<languages/>

<!--T:56-->
* Select the circles at the base of the cylinders

<!--T:57-->
[[File:TBHS-19.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:58-->
* Click on [[File:PartDesign_Chamfer.svg|32px]] [[PartDesign_Chamfer|'''Chamfer''']].
* Set it to 2mm.

<!--T:59-->
[[File:TBHS-20.JPG|800px|center]]

=== Chamfer the edges === <!--T:60-->
* Select the face under the base, add a [[File:PartDesign_Chamfer.svg|32px]] '''Chamfer''' of 0,5mm.

<!--T:61-->
The first layer of plastic is often being squashed a little too much, this will compensate that and save you time in cleaning the model. If the first layer is ok that will make it only nicer

<!--T:62-->
[[File:TBHS-21.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:63-->
* Select the edges at the border of the upper face (holding {{KEY|CTRL}} ).

<!--T:64-->
[[File:TBHS-23.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:65-->
* Add a [[File:PartDesign_Chamfer.svg|32px]] '''Chamfer''' of 1mm. This one is only aesthetic.

<!--T:66-->
[[File:TBHS-22.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:67-->
Tadaa !

== Export as a .STL == <!--T:68-->
* In the Combo View on the left, select the tree view instead of the contextual task menu, click on the last feature (the chamfer).

<!--T:69-->
[[File:TBHS-24.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:70-->
* Now you can select "Export..." from the File menu at the top left, and select the file format .STL.
* Just print it :-)

== Inspiration == <!--T:71-->
The above model make a good starting point to use FreeCAD, but as a toothbrush head stand it have its flaws : due to the print orientation and small surface the sticks are prone to break.

<!--T:72-->
Inspired by the variety of solutions other people came up with, we will make this second version which will be much better.

<!--T:73-->
[[File:TBHS-v2.jpg|800px|center]]


<!--T:74-->
Don't worry it is often needed to go through several revision for an idea (e.g. : once the prototype on the picture was used, we added more space between the heads so that they should not touch).

<!--T:75-->
In this second part you will also learn to use more tools, like the powerful ''Linear repetition''.

== Second idea : a band == <!--T:76-->

<!--T:77-->
*Create a new document and select the [[Image:Workbench_PartDesign.svg‎‎]] ''Part Design'' workbench.

=== Create a sketch === <!--T:78-->

<!--T:79-->
*Create a [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.svg|32px]] '''New sketch''', on the XY plane.
[[File:TBHS-1.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:80-->
*Draw a [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSlot.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSlot|'''Slot''']]
**Click to place the first center
**Move to define the length and radius
**Click to set the second center.
[[File:TBHS2-1.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:81-->
You now have a floating slot of unspecified dimensions.

<!--T:82-->
* Click on one of the horizontal lines of the slot
* Click on [[File:Constraint_Length.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainDistance|'''Distance''']]
* A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 75mm, click OK.
** that's for a 3 head stand, count 25mm for each, if you want more
[[File:TBHS2-2.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:83-->
* Click on one point of the horizontal line
* Click on one point of the other horizontal line
* Click on [[File:Constraint_Length.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainDistance|'''Distance''']]
* A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 29mm, click OK.
[[File:TBHS2-3.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:84-->
*Draw a [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSlot.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSlot|'''Slot''']] around the first slot.
[[File:TBHS2-4.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:85-->
*Make the centers of the second slot coincident with the centers of the first slot with [[File:Constraint_PointOnPoint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainCoincident ‎|'''Coincident''']].
[[File:TBHS2-5.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:86-->
* Click on one point of the horizontal line of the first slot
* Click on one point of the nearest horizontal line of the second slot
* Click on [[File:Constraint_Length.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainDistance|'''Distance''']]
* A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 3mm, click OK.
[[File:TBHS2-6.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:87-->
*To make the sketch fully constrained
**Click on the lower left point of the second slot
**Click on the origin of the XY plan
**Click on [[File:Constraint_PointOnPoint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainCoincident ‎|'''Coincident''']]
[[File:TBHS2-7.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:88-->
* To leave the sketch, click either on the "Close" button on the left, or the [[File:Sketcher_LeaveSketch.png|32px]] icon in the toolbar, or press {{KEY|ESC}}.
[[File:TBHS2-8.JPG|800px|center]]

=== Create a pad === <!--T:89-->
* Click on [[Image:View-axometric.svg|32px]] '''Axonometric''' among the standard views, to better see what will happen.
* Click on [[File:PartDesign_Pad.svg|32px]] '''Pad'''.
* Enter 30mm and click OK.
[[File:TBHS2-9.JPG|800px|center]]


=== Create a sketch on it === <!--T:90-->
*Select the upper face
[[File:TBHS2-10.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:91-->
*Create a [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.svg|32px]] '''New sketch'''. As a face was selected it will not ask you to choose a plane.
[[File:TBHS2-11.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:92-->
*Draw an [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHexagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateHexagon|'''Hexagon''']]
**Click to place the center
**Move to define the radius
**Click to set
[[File:TBHS2-12.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:93-->
*Click on an edge of the hexagon
*Click on [[Image:Constraint_Horizontal.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainHorizontal ‎|'''Horizontal''']]
[[File:TBHS2-13.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:94-->
* Click on the center of the hexagon
* Click on the horizontal line of the XY plane
* Click on [[File:Constraint_Length.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainDistance|'''Distance''']]
* A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 15mm, click OK.
[[File:TBHS2-14.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:95-->
* Click on the center of the hexagon
* Click on the vertical of the XY plane
* Click on [[File:Constraint_Length.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainDistance|'''Distance''']]
* A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 10mm, click OK.
[[File:TBHS2-15.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:96-->
* Click on the blue circle of the hexagon
* Click on [[File:Constraint_Radius.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainRadius|'''Radius''']]
* A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 8mm, click OK.
[[File:TBHS2-16.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:97-->
* To leave the sketch, click either on the "Close" button on the left, or the [[File:Sketcher_LeaveSketch.png|32px]] icon in the toolbar, or press {{KEY|ESC}}.
[[File:TBHS2-17.JPG|800px|center]]

=== Create a hole === <!--T:98-->
* Click on [[Image:View-axometric.svg|32px]] '''Axonometric''' among the standard views, to better see what will happen.
* Click on [[File:PartDesign_Pocket.svg|32px]] [[PartDesign_Pocket|'''Pocket''']].
* Select ''to the first'' in the dropdown menu and click OK.
[[File:TBHS2-18.JPG|800px|center]]


=== Linear repetition === <!--T:99-->
* In the Combo View on the left, select the tree view instead of the contextual task menu, click on the pocket feature.
* Click on [[File:PartDesign_LinearPattern.svg|32px]] [[PartDesign_LinearPattern|'''LinearPattern''']].
* Set the length at 55mm and occurencies at 3, then click OK.
[[File:TBHS2-19.JPG|800px|center]]

=== Create a sketch on it === <!--T:100-->
*Select the inner face
[[File:TBHS2-20.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:101-->
*Create a [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.svg|32px]] '''New sketch'''. As a face was selected it will not ask you to choose a plane.
[[File:TBHS2-21.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:102-->
* Click on [[File:Sketcher_Circle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateCircle|'''Circle''']], click to place the center, move the pointer and click to define the radius.
[[File:TBHS2-22.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:103-->
* Click on the center of the circle
* Click on the horizontal line of the XY plane
* Click on [[File:Constraint_Length.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainDistance|'''Distance''']]
* A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 15mm, click OK.
[[File:TBHS2-23.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:104-->
* Click on the center of the circle
* Click on the vertical of the XY plane
* Click on [[File:Constraint_Length.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainDistance|'''Distance''']]
* A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 10mm, click OK.
[[File:TBHS2-24.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:105-->
* Click on the circle
* Click on [[File:Constraint_Radius.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainRadius|'''Radius''']]
* A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 3.5mm, click OK.
[[File:TBHS2-25.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:106-->
* To leave the sketch, click either on the "Close" button on the left, or the [[File:Sketcher_LeaveSketch.png|32px]] icon in the toolbar, or press {{KEY|ESC}}.
[[File:TBHS2-26.JPG|800px|center]]


=== Create a pad === <!--T:107-->
* Click on [[Image:View-axometric.svg|32px]] '''Axonometric''' among the standard views, to better see what will happen.
* Click on [[File:PartDesign_Pad.svg|32px]] '''Pad'''.
* Enter 4mm and click OK.
[[File:TBHS2-27.JPG|800px|center]]

=== Linear repetition === <!--T:108-->
* In the Combo View on the left, select the tree view instead of the contextual task menu, click on the pad feature.
* Click on [[File:PartDesign_LinearPattern.svg|32px]] [[PartDesign_LinearPattern|'''LinearPattern''']].
* Set the length at 55mm and occurencies at 3, then click OK.
[[File:TBHS2-28.JPG|800px|center]]


=== Draft === <!--T:109-->
*Select the side of each round pads
[[File:TBHS2-29.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:110-->
* Click on [[File:PartDesign_Draft.svg|32px]] [[PartDesign_Draft|'''Draft''']].
* Set the draft angle at 40°.
* Click on "Neutral plane" and select the face on which the sketch is drawn.
* Tick "Invert the draft direction".
[[File:TBHS2-30.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:111-->
We could have used a chamfer to do something similar, but the draft is more appropriate in this case.

<!--T:112-->
Chamfer = left / Draft = right

<!--T:113-->
[[File:TBHS2-30-chamfer.JPG|200px]][[File:TBHS2-30-draft.JPG|200px]]


=== Finitions === <!--T:114-->
*Holding {{KEY|CTRL}} select the bottom and top faces.
[[File:TBHS2-31-bottom.JPG|200px]][[File:TBHS2-31-top.JPG|200px]]

<!--T:115-->
** Add a [[File:PartDesign_Chamfer.svg|32px]] '''Chamfer''' of 0,5mm.
[[File:TBHS2-31.JPG|800px|center]]


<!--T:116-->
Perfect !

== Export as a .STL == <!--T:117-->
* In the Combo View on the left, select the tree view instead of the contextual task menu, click on the last feature (the chamfer).

<!--T:118-->
[[File:TBHS2-32.JPG|800px|center]]

<!--T:119-->
* Now you can select "Export..." from the File menu at the top left, and select the file format .STL.
* Print it instead of the first version or to replace it if it eventually broke ;-)
</translate>

{{Tutorials navi{{#translation:}}}}
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Revision as of 11:11, 4 March 2020

Other languages:
Tutorial
Topic
Modeling
Level
Beginner
Time to complete
1 hour
Authors
EmmanuelG
FreeCAD version
0.16 or greater
Example files
Thingiverse 2403310
See also
None

A daily-life problem

Electric toothbrushes rarely come with a head stand, while in a family you will often see multiple heads used with one body. Many people facing a common problem lead us to a variety of solutions, as you can see on Thingiverse (200-800 projects are related to that). Here is the first answer and how to design it.

This tutorial will take you through the steps needed to model the part shown in the image below using basic tools from the Part Design Workbench (many of the tools and capabilities are not covered).

First idea : a plate

  • From the start-page, select Part Design, or create a new document and select the Part Design workbench.

Create a sketch

  • Click on New sketch. Either from the contextual task menu at the left, or the toolbar above or from the Part Design menu at the top.


A dialog prompts you to choose the sketch orientation and provide an offset.

  • We will pick the XY Plane as shown in the image above (that orientation correspond to the common build plate of most 3D printers), then click OK.


You now are facing the XY plane from above, and have access to the drawing tools.

  • Click on Rectangle.
  • Click to place a first point.
  • Click to place the opposite corner.
  • Press ESC or click the right mouse button to stop using the tool.


You now have a floating rectangle of unspecified dimensions.

  • Click on a line of the rectangle, you now have access to the constraint tools at the right of the toolbar (depending of the size of your screen you may need to drag them to the left in order to see them all)
  • Click on Distance
  • A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 80mm, click OK.
  • Repeat with the other side of the rectangle, also 80mm.


You now have a floating square.

  • Click on the lower left point of the square.
  • Click on the origin of the XY plane (at the intersection of the two thick lines).
  • Click on Coincident.


You now have a totally constrained sketch, as you are told by the solver on the left and the change of color. It is a good practice to always have a totally constrained sketch.

An under-constrained sketch can leave room for unwanted change, if you modify something later on. On the opposite, an over-constrained sketch is also not good. In that case the solver warn you of redundant constraints and you should remove some of them.

  • To leave the sketch, click either on the "Close" button on the left, or the icon in the toolbar, or press ESC.


You now only see the square, and the contextual task menu on the left show you more options than before.

Create a pad

  • Click on Axonometric among the standard views, to better see what will happen.
  • Click on Pad.
  • Enter 4mm and click OK.


Your sketch is now in volume !

Create a sketch on it

  • Select the upper face


The color of the face change and you have more options in the contextual task menu.

  • Click on New sketch. As a face was selected it will not ask you to choose a plane.


  • Click on Circle, click to place the center, move the pointer and click to define the radius.
  • Draw 4 circles on the pad (of any size)
  • Press ESC or click the right mouse button to stop using the tool.



Now the circles share the same radius.

  • Click on External geometry.
  • Click on the four sides of the square, it add lines, color magenta.


Theses lines will serve as reference to position the circles.

  • Use Distance to position them at 20mm from the edges.


  • Click on a circle
  • Click on Radius and set it at 1,5mm.


  • To leave the sketch, click either on the "Close" button on the left, or the icon in the toolbar, or press ESC.

Create a pad

  • Click on Axonometric among the standard views, to better see what will happen.
  • Click on Pad.
  • Enter 25mm and click OK.


You have the basic shape, it just need final touches.

Rounding the corners

  • Holding CTRL click on the vertical edge at each corner to select the four of them.

Don't hesitate to help you by switching the display mode (just at the left of the Axonometric View) between Wireframe and Wireframe and shadow.


  • Click on Fillet.
  • Set the radius at 20mm.


Much better.

Making it more robust

We need to add material at the base of the cylinders to make them less prone to snap. Because of the printing orientation these small surfaces will be fragile at the junction with the base.

  • Select the circles at the base of the cylinders


Chamfer the edges

  • Select the face under the base, add a Chamfer of 0,5mm.

The first layer of plastic is often being squashed a little too much, this will compensate that and save you time in cleaning the model. If the first layer is ok that will make it only nicer


  • Select the edges at the border of the upper face (holding CTRL ).


  • Add a Chamfer of 1mm. This one is only aesthetic.


Tadaa !

Export as a .STL

  • In the Combo View on the left, select the tree view instead of the contextual task menu, click on the last feature (the chamfer).


  • Now you can select "Export..." from the File menu at the top left, and select the file format .STL.
  • Just print it :-)

Inspiration

The above model make a good starting point to use FreeCAD, but as a toothbrush head stand it have its flaws : due to the print orientation and small surface the sticks are prone to break.

Inspired by the variety of solutions other people came up with, we will make this second version which will be much better.


Don't worry it is often needed to go through several revision for an idea (e.g. : once the prototype on the picture was used, we added more space between the heads so that they should not touch).

In this second part you will also learn to use more tools, like the powerful Linear repetition.

Second idea : a band

  • Create a new document and select the Part Design workbench.

Create a sketch

  • Create a New sketch, on the XY plane.


  • Draw a Slot
    • Click to place the first center
    • Move to define the length and radius
    • Click to set the second center.


You now have a floating slot of unspecified dimensions.

  • Click on one of the horizontal lines of the slot
  • Click on Distance
  • A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 75mm, click OK.
    • that's for a 3 head stand, count 25mm for each, if you want more


  • Click on one point of the horizontal line
  • Click on one point of the other horizontal line
  • Click on Distance
  • A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 29mm, click OK.


  • Draw a Slot around the first slot.


  • Make the centers of the second slot coincident with the centers of the first slot with Coincident.


  • Click on one point of the horizontal line of the first slot
  • Click on one point of the nearest horizontal line of the second slot
  • Click on Distance
  • A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 3mm, click OK.


  • To make the sketch fully constrained
    • Click on the lower left point of the second slot
    • Click on the origin of the XY plan
    • Click on Coincident


  • To leave the sketch, click either on the "Close" button on the left, or the icon in the toolbar, or press ESC.

Create a pad

  • Click on Axonometric among the standard views, to better see what will happen.
  • Click on Pad.
  • Enter 30mm and click OK.


Create a sketch on it

  • Select the upper face


  • Create a New sketch. As a face was selected it will not ask you to choose a plane.


  • Draw an Hexagon
    • Click to place the center
    • Move to define the radius
    • Click to set


  • Click on an edge of the hexagon
  • Click on Horizontal


  • Click on the center of the hexagon
  • Click on the horizontal line of the XY plane
  • Click on Distance
  • A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 15mm, click OK.


  • Click on the center of the hexagon
  • Click on the vertical of the XY plane
  • Click on Distance
  • A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 10mm, click OK.


  • Click on the blue circle of the hexagon
  • Click on Radius
  • A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 8mm, click OK.


  • To leave the sketch, click either on the "Close" button on the left, or the icon in the toolbar, or press ESC.

Create a hole

  • Click on Axonometric among the standard views, to better see what will happen.
  • Click on Pocket.
  • Select to the first in the dropdown menu and click OK.


Linear repetition

  • In the Combo View on the left, select the tree view instead of the contextual task menu, click on the pocket feature.
  • Click on LinearPattern.
  • Set the length at 55mm and occurencies at 3, then click OK.

Create a sketch on it

  • Select the inner face


  • Create a New sketch. As a face was selected it will not ask you to choose a plane.


  • Click on Circle, click to place the center, move the pointer and click to define the radius.


  • Click on the center of the circle
  • Click on the horizontal line of the XY plane
  • Click on Distance
  • A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 15mm, click OK.


  • Click on the center of the circle
  • Click on the vertical of the XY plane
  • Click on Distance
  • A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 10mm, click OK.


  • Click on the circle
  • Click on Radius
  • A dialog prompts you to set a dimension. Enter 3.5mm, click OK.


  • To leave the sketch, click either on the "Close" button on the left, or the icon in the toolbar, or press ESC.


Create a pad

  • Click on Axonometric among the standard views, to better see what will happen.
  • Click on Pad.
  • Enter 4mm and click OK.

Linear repetition

  • In the Combo View on the left, select the tree view instead of the contextual task menu, click on the pad feature.
  • Click on LinearPattern.
  • Set the length at 55mm and occurencies at 3, then click OK.


Draft

  • Select the side of each round pads


  • Click on Draft.
  • Set the draft angle at 40°.
  • Click on "Neutral plane" and select the face on which the sketch is drawn.
  • Tick "Invert the draft direction".


We could have used a chamfer to do something similar, but the draft is more appropriate in this case.

Chamfer = left / Draft = right


Finitions

  • Holding CTRL select the bottom and top faces.

    • Add a Chamfer of 0,5mm.


Perfect !

Export as a .STL

  • In the Combo View on the left, select the tree view instead of the contextual task menu, click on the last feature (the chamfer).
  • Now you can select "Export..." from the File menu at the top left, and select the file format .STL.
  • Print it instead of the first version or to replace it if it eventually broke ;-)

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