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(Created page with "{{Caption|(1) Un objet, (2) un lien vide, (3) un lien complet vers le premier objet (avec un matériau de remplacement), et (4) un lien vers seulement quelques sous-éléments...")
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[[File:Std_Link_tree_example.png]] [[File:Std_Link_example.png]]
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{{Caption|(1) An object, (2) an empty Link, (3) a full Link to the first object (with overriding material), and (4) a Link to only some subelements of the object. The empty Link is not tied to the real object so it is not displayed in the [[3D_view|3D view]].}}
{{Caption|(1) Un objet, (2) un lien vide, (3) un lien complet vers le premier objet (avec un matériau de remplacement), et (4) un lien vers seulement quelques sous-éléments de l'objet. Le lien vide n'est pas lié à l'objet réel et n'est donc pas affiché dans la [[3D_view/fr|vue 3D]].}}


== Usage: external documents ==
== Usage: external documents ==

Revision as of 10:53, 22 September 2020

Std Créer un lien

Emplacement du menu
Aucun
Ateliers
Tous
Raccourci par défaut
Aucun
Introduit dans la version
0.19
Voir aussi
Std Part, Std Groupe, PartDesign Corps

Description

Std LinkMake crée une classe App Link (App::Link), un type d'objet faisant référence ou lié à un autre objet, dans le même document ou dans un autre document. Il est spécialement conçu pour dupliquer efficacement un seul objet plusieurs fois, ce qui permet de créer des assemblages complexes à partir de sous-assemblages plus petits et de plusieurs composants réutilisables tels que des vis, des écrous et des éléments de fixation similaires.

L'objet App Link a été nouvellement introduit dans la v0.19. Auparavant, une simple duplication d'objets pouvait être réalisée avec Draft Clone, mais c'est une solution moins efficace en raison de son implémentation qui crée essentiellement une copie de la Forme interne de l'objet source. D'un autre côté, un lien fait directement référence à la forme d'origine, donc plus efficace en mémoire.

En lui-même, l'objet Link peut se comporter comme un tableau dupliquant son objet de base plusieurs fois. Cela peut être fait en définissant sa propriété DonnéesElement Count sur 1 ou plus. Cet objet "Link Array" peut également être créé avec les différents outils de tableau du atelier Draft, par exemple Draft Réseau orthogonal, Draft Réseau polaire, et Draft Réseau circulaire.

Lorsqu'ils sont utilisés avec l' atelier PartDesign, les liens sont destinés à être utilisés avec PartDesign Corps. Il est donc recommandé de définir VueDisplay Mode Body sur Tip pour sélectionner les caractéristiques du corps entier et non les fonctions individuelles. Pour créer des tableaux des PartDesign Features internes, utilisez PartDesign Répétition linéaire, PartDesign Répétition circulaire et PartDesign Transformation multiple.

L'outil Std Créer un lien n'est pas défini par un atelier particulier mais par le système de base. De ce fait il se trouve donc dans Barre d'outils Structure qui est disponible dans tous les ateliers. L'objet Link, utilisé en conjonction avec Std Part pour regrouper divers objets, constitue la base des ateliers Assembly3 et Assembly4.

Utilisation

Avec sélection:

  1. Sélectionnez un objet dans la Vue en arborescence ou la vue 3D pour lequel vous souhaitez créer un lien.
  2. Appuyez sur le bouton Std Créer un lien. L'objet crée a la même icône que l'objet d'origine mais a une flèche superposée indiquant qu'il s'agit d'un lien.

Sans sélection:

  1. Si aucun objet n'est sélectionné, appuyez sur le bouton Std Créer un lien pour créer un lien vide .
  2. Allez dans l'Éditeur de propriétés, puis cliquez sur la propriété DonnéesLinked Object pour ouvrir la Dialogue de sélection des liens pour choisir un objet, puis appuyez sur OK .
  3. Au lieu de choisir un objet entier dans la Vue en arborescence, vous pouvez également choisir des sous-éléments (sommets, arêtes ou faces) d'un seul objet dans la Vue 3D. Dans ce cas, le lien dupliquera uniquement ces sous-éléments et la superposition de flèches sera différente. Cela peut également être fait avec Std Créer un sous-lien.

(1) Un objet, (2) un lien vide, (3) un lien complet vers le premier objet (avec un matériau de remplacement), et (4) un lien vers seulement quelques sous-éléments de l'objet. Le lien vide n'est pas lié à l'objet réel et n'est donc pas affiché dans la vue 3D.

Usage: external documents

  1. Start with a document that has at least one object which will be the source of the Link.
  2. Open a new document or an existing document. For easier handling, use Std TreeMultiDocument to show both documents in the tree view. Before you proceed, save both documents. The Link won't be able to find its source and target unless both documents are saved on disk.
  3. In the first document, select the object that you wish to link; then switch tabs in the main view area to switch to the second document.
  4. Press Std LinkMake. The produced object has the same icon as the original object, but has an additional arrow overlay indicating it is a Link coming from an external document.

Notes:

  • When saving the document with the Link, it will also ask to save the source document which contains the original object.
  • To include the original object in the document with the Link, use Std LinkImport or Std LinkImportAll.
  • Std LinkMake can be used on an existing Link object, in order to create a Link to a Link which ultimately resolves to the original object in the source document. This can be used with Std LinkMakeRelative to pick only certain subelements as well.

(1, 2) Two objects from a source document linked into a target document, (3) a Link to the second Link (with overriding material), and (4) a Link to the subelements of the second Link.

Dragging and dropping

Instead of switching document tabs, you can create Links by performing a drag and drop operation in the tree view: select the source object from the first document, drag it, then drop it into the second document's name while holding the Alt key in the keyboard.

Dragging and dropping results in different actions depending on the modifier key that is held.

  • Without modifier key it simply moves the object from one document to the other; an inclined arrow is shown in the cursor.
  • Holding the Ctrl key copies the object; a plus sign is shown in the cursor.
  • Holding the Alt key creates a Link; a pair of chain links is shown in the cursor.

For the Ctrl and Alt modifiers, dragging and dropping can also be done with a single document. That is, dragging an object and dropping it into the same document's name can be used to create multiple copies or multiple Links to it.

Groups

Std LinkMake can be used on Std Parts in order to quickly duplicate groups of objects positioned in space, that is, assemblies.

Link created from a Std Part; the objects are not duplicated but they are listed under the original container and under the Link container.

A regular Std Group does not possess a DonnéesPlacement property, so it cannot control the position of the objects inside of it. However, when Std LinkMake is used with Std Group, the resulting Link behaves essentially like a Std Part, and can also be moved in space.

Link created from a Std Group; the objects are not duplicated but they are listed under the original container and under the Link container. The Link (with overriding material) can be moved in space, just like a Std Part.

A Link to a Std Part will keep the visibility of the objects synchronized with the original Part; so if you hide one object in a Link, it will be hidden in all Links and in the original object. On the other hand a Link to a Std Group will allow independent control of the visibilities.

Left: Std Part with two objects, and two Links to the Part; the visibility of the objects is synchronized. Right: Std Group with two objects, and two Links to the Group; the visibility of the objects is independently controlled in each group.

Overriding appearance

When a Link is created, by default the VueOverride Material is false, so the Link will have the same appearance as the original DonnéesLinked Object.

When VueOverride Material is set to true, the VueShape Material property will now control the appearance of the Link.

Regardless of the state of VueOverride Material, it is possible to individually set the appearance of the subelements (vertices, edges, faces) of a Link.

  1. Select the Link in the tree view. Open the context menu (right-click), and pick Override colors.
  2. Now pick the individual subelements that you want in the 3D view, press Edit, and change the properties including transparency.
  3. To remove the custom attributes, select the elements in the list, and press Remove.
  4. When you are satisfied with the result, press OK to close the dialog.

Note: as of v0.19, the coloring of the subelements is subject to the topological naming problem so it should be done as the last modelling step, when the model is not subject to change any more.

(1) An original object, (2) a Link with overriding material, and (3) a second Link with individual modified subelements.

Link Array

See also: Draft OrthoArray.

When a Link is created, by default its DonnéesElement Count is 0, so only a single Link object will be visible in the tree view.

Given that DonnéesShow Element is true by default, when DonnéesElement Count is set to 1 or more, automatically more Links will be created below the first one; each new Link can be placed in the desired position by changing its own DonnéesPlacement property.

In similar way, each element of the array can have its own appearance changed, either by the VueOverride Material and VueShape Material properties, or by using the Override colors menu on the entire array and then selecting individual faces; this is described in Overriding appearance.

(1) Original object, and (2, 3, 4) a Link array with three elements, each in a different position. The first Link has overridden material and transparent faces, the other two have custom face colors.

Once you are satisfied with the placement and properties of the Link elements in the array, you may change DonnéesShow Element to false in order hide the individual Links in the tree view; this has the benefit of making the system more responsive, particularly if you have many objects in the document.

When creating this type of Link array, you must place each of the elements manually; however, if you would like to use specific patterns to place the copies, you may use the array tools of the Draft Workbench, like Draft OrthoArray, Draft PolarArray, and Draft CircularArray; these commands can create normal copies or Link copies depending on the options at creation time.

Visibility

When DonnéesShow Element is true and individual elements are listed in the tree view in a Link Array, each Link can be shown or hidden by pressing the Space bar in the keyboard.

Another way to hide the individual elements is using the Override colors menu.

  1. Select the array, open the Override colors menu (right click).
  2. In the 3D view, pick any subelement from any Link in the array.
  3. Press Hide. An icon of an eye should appear, indicating that this element has been hidden from the 3D view. The object will temporarily show itself when the cursor hovers over the icon.
  4. You can click OK to confirm the operation and close the dialog. The Link will remain hidden even if it is shown as visible in the tree view.

Element color dialog that is available when opening the context menu of a Link object in the tree view.

If you wish to restore the visibility of this array element, enter the dialog once more, pick the eye icon, then click on Remove to remove the hidden status, and click OK to confirm and close the dialog. The element will be visible in the 3D view again.

When the Link is for a Std Part or a Std Group, the Override colors menu works in similar way as with arrays; it allows controlling the face color, entire object color, and visibility of the objects in the group.

A Std Part containing three objects, and a Link to that Part; in the Link, (1) the first object is made invisible, (2) the second object has some subelements with different colors, (3) the entire third object has a different color and level of transparency.

Propriétés

An App Link (App::Link class) is derived from the basic App DocumentObject (App::DocumentObject class), therefore it has the latter's basic properties like DonnéesLabel and DonnéesLabel2.

The following are the specific properties available in the property editor. Hidden properties can be shown by using the Show all command in the context menu of the property editor.

Données

Link

  • DonnéesLinked Object:
  • DonnéesLink Transform:
  • DonnéesPlacement:
  • DonnéesSub Elements:
  • DonnéesShow Elements:
  • DonnéesElement Count:
  • DonnéesScale:

Base

  • Données (Hidden)Proxy (PythonObject): a custom class associated with this object. This only exists for the Python version. See Scripting.

De plus, il affichera les propriétés de l'original DonnéesLinked Object.

Vues

Link

  • VueDraw Style:
  • VueLine Width:
  • VueOverride Material:
  • VuePoint Size:
  • VueSelectable:
  • VueShape Material:
  • VueShape Material (Material): this property includes sub-properties that describe the appearance of the object.
    • VueDiffuse Color, it defaults to (0.4, 1.0, 1.0), which is displayed as [102, 255, 255] on base 255, light blue .
    • VueAmbient Color, it defaults to (0.2, 0.2, 0.2), which is displayed as [51, 51, 51] on base 255, dark gray .
    • VueSpecular Color, it defaults to (0.0, 0.0, 0.0), which is displayed as [0, 0, 0] on base 255, black .
    • VueEmissive Color, it defaults to (0.0, 0.0, 0.0), which is displayed as [0, 0, 0] on base 255, black .
    • VueShininess, it defaults to 0.2
    • VueTransparency, it defaults to 0.0.

Base

  • Vue (Hidden)Child View Provider (PersistentObject):
  • Vue (Hidden)Material List (MaterialList): (read-only) if individual materials have been added, they will be listed here.
  • Vue (Hidden)Override Color List (ColorList): (read-only) if the individual faces or edges of the link have been overridden they will be listed here.
  • Vue (Hidden)Override Material List (BoolList): (read-only) if the individual materials of the link have been overridden they will be listed here.

Display Options

  • VueDisplay Mode (Enumeration): 'Link' or 'ChildView'.
  • VueShow In Tree (Bool): see the information in App FeaturePython.
  • VueVisibility (Bool): see the information in App FeaturePython.

Selection

Il montrera en outre les propriétés de vue de l'original DonnéesLinked Object.

Inheritance

An App Link is formally an instance of the class App::Link, whose parent is the basic App DocumentObject (App::DocumentObject class). It is a very low level object, which can be used with most other document objects.

Simplified diagram of the relationships between the core objects in the program. The App::Link object is a core component of the system, it does not depend on any workbench, but it can be used with most objects created in all workbenches.

Script

See also: FreeCAD Scripting Basics, and scripted objects.

See Part Feature for the general information.

An App Link is created with the addObject() method of the document. It can define its DonnéesLinked Object by overriding its LinkedObject attribute, or by using its setLink method.

import FreeCAD as App

doc = App.newDocument()
bod1 = App.ActiveDocument.addObject("Part::Box", "Box")
bod2 = App.ActiveDocument.addObject("Part::Cylinder", "Cylinder")
bod1.Placement.Base = App.Vector(10, 0, 0)
bod2.Placement.Base = App.Vector(0, 10, 0)

obj1 = App.ActiveDocument.addObject("App::Link", "Link")
obj2 = App.ActiveDocument.addObject("App::Link", "Link")

obj1.LinkedObject = bod1
obj2.setLink(bod2)
obj1.Placement.Base = App.Vector(-10, -10, 0)
obj2.Placement.Base = App.Vector(10, -10, 0)
obj1.ViewObject.OverrideMaterial = True
App.ActiveDocument.recompute()

The basic App::Link doesn't have a Proxy object so it can't be fully used for sub-classing.

Therefore, for Python subclassing, you should create the App::LinkPython object.

import FreeCAD as App

doc = App.newDocument()
obj = App.ActiveDocument.addObject("App::LinkPython", "Link")
obj.Label = "Custom label"

Further reading

The App Link object was introduced after 2 years of development and prototyping. This component was thought and developed almost single-handedly by user realthunder. The motivations and design implementations behind this project are described in his GitHub page, Link. In order to accomplish this feature, several core changes to FreeCAD were made; these were also extensively documented in Core-Changes.

The App Link project started after the redesign of the PartDesign Workbench was complete in v0.17. The history of App Link can be traced to some essential forum threads:

Finally, the pull request and merge happened: