Ambiente Sketcher

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Uno schizzo base, completamente vincolato‎

L'ambiente File:Workbench Sketcher.png Sketcher serve a creare delle geometrie 2D destinate ad essere utilizzate nel modulo PartDesign per produrre oggetti Parte o in altri moduli, come ad esempio in Architettura.
In genere, una geometria 2D è il punto di partenza per la maggior parte dei modelli CAD. Un semplice schizzo 2D può essere estruso per creare una forma 3D; altri schizzi 2D possono essere usati per creare delle tasche in questa forma e ulteriori schizzi possono essere utilizzati per definire delle estrusioni sulla superficie dell'oggetto 3D.
Assieme alle Operazioni booleane lo schizzo costituisce la base per generare il progetto di una forma solida.

L'ambiente Sketcher mette a disposizione i vincoli. Consente di vincolare le forme 2D a precise definizioni geometriche.
Un solutore dei vincoli calcola la quantità di vincoli applicati alla geometria 2D e permette l'esplorazione interattiva dei gradi di libertà dello schizzo.

Un buon esempio di utilizzo dello schizzo si trova nel forum francese in: Patte à l'aide du sketcher, Création d'une cavité dans la Patte. In italiano, nella sezione Esercitazioni, è descritto uno schizzo vincolato.

Nozioni di base sugli schizzi vincolati

Per spiegare come funziona il modulo Sketcher, è utile fare un confronto con il modo tradizionale di disegnare.

Disegno tradizionale

Il modo tradizionale di disegno CAD è derivato dal vecchio tavolo da disegno.
Le viste ortogonali 2D sono disegnate manualmente e finalizzate alla produzione di disegni tecnici (noti anche come dettagli o particolari). Gli oggetti sono disegnati esattamente con le loro forme, misure o dimensioni previste. Per tracciare una linea orizzontale lunga 100 mm a partire dal punto (0,0), si attiva lo strumento linea, si fa clic sullo schermo o si inserisce le coordinate (0,0) per il primo punto, poi si fa un secondo clic o si inserisce il secondo punto di coordinate (100,0). Oppure, si costruisce una linea base senza riguardo alla sua posizione e in seguito la si sposta. Dopo aver disegnato le geometrie si aggiungono le dimensioni.

Constraint Sketching

The Sketcher moves away from this logic. Objects do not need to be drawn exactly as you intend to, because they will be defined later on by constraints. Objects can be drawn loosely, and as long as they are unconstrained, can be modified. They are in effect "floating" and can be moved, stretched, rotated, scaled, and so on. This gives great flexibility in the design process.

What are constraints?

Constraints are used to limit the degrees of freedom of an object. For example, a line without constraints has 4 degrees of freedom: it can be moved horizontally or vertically, it can be stretched, and it can be rotated.

Applying a horizontal or vertical constraint, or an angle constraint (relative to another line or to one of the axes), will limit its capacity to rotate, thus leaving it with 3 degrees of freedom. Locking one of its points in relation to the origin will remove another 2 degrees of freedom. And applying a dimension constraint will remove the last degree of freedom. The line is then considered fully-constrained.

Multiple objects can be constrained between one another. Two lines can be joined through one of their points with the coincident point constraint. An angle can be set between them, or they can be set perpendicular. A line can be tangent to an arc or a circle, and so on.

There are two kinds of constraints: geometric and dimensional. They are detailed in the 'The tools' section below.

What the Sketcher is not good for

The Sketcher is not intended for producing 2D blueprints. Once sketches are used to generate a solid feature, they are automatically hidden. Dimensions are only visible in Sketch edit mode.

If you only need to produce 2D views for print, and don't want to create 3D models, check out the Draft workbench (keep in mind though that the Draft workbench can also be useful to create 2D geometry not available in the Sketcher at this time, like B-Splines.)

Sketching Workflow

To be added

Good Practices

Every CAD user develops his own way of working over time, but there are some useful general principles to follow.

  • A series of simple sketches is easier to manage than a single complex one. For example, a first sketch can be created for the base 3D feature (either a pad or a revolve), while a second one can contain holes or cutouts (pockets). Some details can be left out, to be realized later on as 3D features. You can choose to avoid fillets in your sketch if there are too many, and add them as a 3D feature.
  • Always create a closed profile, or your sketch won't produce a solid, but rather a set of open faces. If you don't want some of the objects to be included in the solid creation, turn them to construction elements with the Construction Mode tool.
  • Use the auto constraints feature to limit the number of constraints you'll have to add manually.
  •  As a general rule, apply geometric constraints first, then dimensional constraints, and lock your sketch last. But remember: rules are made to be broken. If you're having trouble manipulating your sketch, it may be useful to constrain a few objects first before completing your profile.
  • If possible, center your sketch to the origin (0,0) with the lock constraint. If your sketch is not symmetric, locate one of its points to the origin, or choose nice round numbers for the lock distances. In v0.12, external constraints (constraining the sketch to existing 3D geometry like edges or to other sketches) are not implemented. This means that to locate following sketches geometry to your first sketch, you'll need to set distances relative to your first sketch manually. A lock constraint of (25,75) from the origin is more easily remembered than (23.47,73.02).
  • If you have the possibility to choose between the Length constraint and the Horizontal or Vertical Distance constraints, prefer the latter. Horizontal and Vertical Distance constraints are computationally cheaper.

The tools

The Sketcher Workbench tools are all located in the Sketcher menu that appears when you load the Sketcher Workbench.

Template:Sketcher Tools