Sketcher Workbench/cs: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|64px]]
{{Docnav
|[[Robot_Workbench|Robot Workbench]]
|[[Spreadsheet_Workbench|Spreadsheet Workbench]]
|IconL=Workbench_Robot.svg
|IconR=Workbench_Spreadsheet.svg
}}

[[Image:Workbench_Sketcher.svg|thumb|128px|Sketcher workbench icon]]


==Úvod==
==Úvod==
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Samotná pracovní plocha Skicář obsahuje vazby - umožňující 2D tvarům mít vazby pro přesné definice konstrukcí. A kalkulátor vazeb který počítá rozšíření vazeb 2D konstrukcí a umožňuje interaktivní zkoumání stupňů volnosti náčrtů.
Samotná pracovní plocha Skicář obsahuje vazby - umožňující 2D tvarům mít vazby pro přesné definice konstrukcí. A kalkulátor vazeb který počítá rozšíření vazeb 2D konstrukcí a umožňuje interaktivní zkoumání stupňů volnosti náčrtů.
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[[File:FC_ConstrainedSketch.png|none]]
[[File:FC_ConstrainedSketch.png|450px]]

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''Základní plně vazbený náčrt‎.''
''Základní plně vazbený náčrt‎.''
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Jestliže potřebujete vytvářet pouze 2D pohledy pro tisk a nepotřebujete vytvářet 3D modely, podívejte se na [[Draft Module/cs|Pracovní plochu kreslení]] (a nezapomínejte na to, že pracovní plocha Kreslení je také užitečná pro vytváření 2D konstrukcí nedostupných v současné době ve Skicáři, jako je třeba B-křivka).
Jestliže potřebujete vytvářet pouze 2D pohledy pro tisk a nepotřebujete vytvářet 3D modely, podívejte se na [[Draft Module/cs|Pracovní plochu kreslení]] (a nezapomínejte na to, že pracovní plocha Kreslení je také užitečná pro vytváření 2D konstrukcí nedostupných v současné době ve Skicáři, jako je třeba B-křivka).
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== Sketching Workflow ==


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If the Sketch has segments that cross one another, places where a Point is not directly on a segment, or places where there are gaps between endpoints of adjacent segments, Pad or Revolve won't create a solid. The exception to this rule is that it doesn't apply to Construction (blue) Geometry.
If a Sketch has segments that cross one another, places where a Point is not directly on a segment, or places where there are gaps between endpoints of adjacent segments, Pad or Revolve won't create a solid. Sometimes a Sketch which contains lines which cross one another will work for a simple operation such as Pad, but later operations such as Linear Pattern will fail. It is best to avoid crossing lines. The exception to this rule is that it doesn't apply to Construction (blue) Geometry.


Inside the enclosed area we can have smaller non-overlapping areas. These will become voids when the 3D solid is created.
Inside the enclosed area we can have smaller non-overlapping areas. These will become voids when the 3D solid is created.

Once a Sketch is fully constrained, the Sketch features will turn green; Construction Geometry will remain blue. It is usually "finished" at this point and suitable for use in creating a 3D solid. However, once the Sketch dialog is closed it may be worthwhile going to [[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|24px]] [[Part_Module|Part Workbench]] and running {{Button|[[File:Part_CheckGeometry.svg|16px]] [[Part_CheckGeometry|Check geometry]]}} to ensure there are no features in the Sketch which may cause later problems.


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=== General ===
* [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.png‎‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_NewSketch|New sketch]]: Creates‎ a new sketch on a selected face or plane. If no face is selected while this tool is executed the user is prompted to select a plane from a pop-up window.

* [[Image:Sketcher_NewSketch.svg‎‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_NewSketch|New sketch]]: Creates‎ a new sketch on a selected face or plane. If no face is selected while this tool is executed the user is prompted to select a plane from a pop-up window.

* [[Image:Sketcher_EditSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_EditSketch|Edit sketch]]: Edit the selected Sketch. This will open the [[Sketcher Dialog|Sketcher Dialog]].


* [[Image:Sketcher_EditSketch.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_EditSketch|Edit sketch]]: Edit the selected Sketch.
* [[Image:Sketcher_LeaveSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_LeaveSketch|Leave sketch]]: Leave the Sketch editing mode.


* [[Image:Sketcher_LeaveSketch.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_LeaveSketch|Leave sketch]]: Leave the Sketch editing mode.
* [[Image:Sketcher_ViewSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSketch|View sketch]]: Sets the model view perpendicular to the sketch plane.


* [[Image:Sketcher_ViewSketch.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSketch|View sketch]]: Sets the model view perpendicular to the sketch plane.
* [[Image:Sketcher_ViewSection.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSection|View section]]: Creates a section plane that temporarily hides any matter in front of the sketch plane.


* [[Image:Sketcher ViewSection.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ViewSection|View section]]: Creates a section plane that temporarily hides any matter in front of the sketch plane. {{Version|0.18}}
* [[Image:Sketcher_MapSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_MapSketch|Map sketch to face]]: Maps a sketch to the previously selected face of a solid.


* [[Image:Sketcher_MapSketch.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_MapSketch|Map sketch to face]]: Maps a sketch to the previously selected face of a solid.
* [[File:Sketcher_ReorientSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ReorientSketch|Reorient sketch]]: Allows you to attach the sketch to one of the main planes.


* [[File:Sketcher_ValidateSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ValidateSketch|Validate sketch]]: Verify the tolerance of different points and adjust them.
* [[Sketcher_Reorient|Reorient sketch ]]: Allows you to change the position of a sketch


* [[Image:Sketcher_MergeSketches.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_MergeSketches|Merge sketches]]: Merge two or more sketches.
* [[Sketcher_Validate|Validate sketch]]: Verify the tolerance of different points and adjust them.


* [[Image:Sketcher MergeSketch.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher MergeSketches|Merge sketches]]: Merge two or more sketches. {{Version|0.15}}
* [[Image:Sketcher_MirrorSketch.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_MirrorSketch|Mirror sketch]]: Mirror a sketch along the x-axis, the y-axis or the origin.


* [[File:Sketcher_StopOperation.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_StopOperation|Stop operation]]: when in edit mode, stop the current operation, whether that is drawing, setting constraints, etc.
* [[Image:Sketcher MirrorSketch.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher MirrorSketch|Mirror sketch]]: Mirror a sketch along the x-axis, the y-axis or the origin. {{Version|0.16}}


===Sketcher geometries===
===Sketcher geometries===
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These are tools for creating objects.
These are tools for creating objects.


* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePoint.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePoint|Point]]: Draws a point.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePoint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePoint|Point]]: Draws a point.


* [[Image:Sketcher_Line.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateLine|Line by 2 point]]: Draws a line segment from 2 points. Lines are infinite regarding certain constraints.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateLine.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateLine|Line]]: Draws a line segment between 2 points. Lines are infinite regarding certain constraints.


* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateArc.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateArc|Create an arc]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:
* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateArc.png|48px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateArc|Create an arc]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:


:* [[Image:Sketcher_Arc.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArc|Arc]]: Draws an arc segment from center, radius, start angle and end angle.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArc.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArc|Arc]]: Draws an arc segment from center, radius, start angle and end angle.


:* [[Image:Sketcher CreateArc3Point.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Create3PointArc|Arc by 3 Point]]: Draws an arc segment from two endpoints and another point on the circumference.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_Create3PointArc.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Create3PointArc|Arc by 3 points]]: Draws an arc segment from two endpoints and another point on the circumference.


* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateCircle.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateCircle|Create a circle]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:
* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateCircle.png|48px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateCircle|Create a circle]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:


:* [[Image:Sketcher_Circle.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateCircle|Circle]]: Draws a circle from center and radius.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateCircle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateCircle|Circle]]: Draws a circle from center and radius.


:* [[Image:Sketcher CreateCircle3Point.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Create3PointCircle|Circle by 3 Point]]: Draws a circle from three points on the circumference.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_Create3PointCircle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Create3PointCircle|Circle by 3 points]]: Draws a circle from three points on the circumference.


* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateConic.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateConic|Create a conic]]:
* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateConic.png|48px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateConic|Create a conic]]: The sketcher provides the following conical sections. Unlike B-splines they can be used with all sorts of constraints such as [[Sketcher ConstrainTangent|Tangent]], [[Sketcher ConstrainPointOnObject|Point On Object]], or [[Sketcher ConstrainPerpendicular|Perpendicular]].
** [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipse.png|32px]] [[Sketcher CreateEllipseByCenter|Ellipse by center]]: Draws an ellipse by center point, major radius point and minor radius point. {{Version|0.15}}
** [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipseByCenter.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateEllipseByCenter|Ellipse by center]]: Draws an ellipse by center point, major radius point and minor radius point.
** [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipse_3points.png|32px]] [[Sketcher CreateEllipseBy3Points|Ellipse by 3 points]]: Draws an ellipse by major diameter (2 points) and minor radius point. {{Version|0.15}}
** [[Image:Sketcher_CreateEllipseBy3Points.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateEllipseBy3Points|Ellipse by 3 points]]: Draws an ellipse by major diameter (2 points) and minor radius point.
** [[Image:Sketcher_Elliptical_Arc.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfEllipse|Arc of ellipse]]: Draws an arc of ellipse by center point, major radius point, starting point and ending point. {{Version|0.15}}
** [[Image:Sketcher_CreateArcOfEllipse.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfEllipse|Arc of ellipse]]: Draws an arc of ellipse by center point, major radius point, starting point and ending point.
**[[Image:Sketcher_Hyperbolic_Arc.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfHyperbola|Arc of hyperbola]]: Draws an arc of hyperbola. {{Version|0.17}}
**[[Image:Sketcher_CreateArcOfHyperbola.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfHyperbola|Arc of hyperbola]]: Draws an arc of hyperbola.
**[[Image:Sketcher_Parabolic_Arc.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfParabola|Arc of parabola]]: Draws an arc of parabola. {{Version|0.17}}
**[[Image:Sketcher_CreateArcOfParabola.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateArcOfParabola|Arc of parabola]]: Draws an arc of parabola.


* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateBSpline.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateBSpline|Create a B-spline]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:
* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateBSpline.png|48px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateBSpline|Create a B-spline]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:
** [[File:Sketcher_CreateBSpline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateBSpline|Create B-spline]]: Draws a B-spline curve by its control points. {{Version|0.17}}
** [[File:Sketcher_CreateBSpline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateBSpline|Create B-spline]]: Draws a B-spline curve by its control points.
** [[File:Sketcher_Create_Periodic_BSpline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSpline|Create periodic B-spline]]: Draws a periodic (closed) B-spline curve by its control points. {{Version|0.17}}
** [[File:Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSpline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePeriodicBSpline|Create periodic B-spline]]: Draws a periodic (closed) B-spline curve by its control points.


* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePolyline.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePolyline|Polyline (multiple-point line)]]: Draws a line made of multiple line segments. Pressing the M key while drawing a Polyline toggles between the different polyline modes.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePolyline.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePolyline|Polyline (multiple-point line)]]: Draws a line made of multiple line segments. Pressing the M key while drawing a Polyline toggles between the different polyline modes.


* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRectangle.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRectangle|Rectangle]]: Draws a rectangle from 2 opposite points.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRectangle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRectangle|Rectangle]]: Draws a rectangle from 2 opposite points.


* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateRegularPolygon.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateRegularPolygon|Create regular polygon]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:
* [[Image:Sketcher_CompCreateRegularPolygon.png|48px]] [[Sketcher_CompCreateRegularPolygon|Create regular polygon]]: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateTriangle.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateTriangle|Triangle]]: Draws a regular triangle inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateTriangle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateTriangle|Triangle]]: Draws a regular triangle inscribed in a construction geometry circle.


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSquare.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSquare|Square]]: Draws a regular square inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSquare.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSquare|Square]]: Draws a regular square inscribed in a construction geometry circle.


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePentagon.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePentagon|Pentagon]]: Draws a regular pentagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreatePentagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePentagon|Pentagon]]: Draws a regular pentagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHexagon.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateHexagon|Hexagon]]: Draws a regular hexagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHexagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateHexagon|Hexagon]]: Draws a regular hexagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHeptagon.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateHeptagon|Heptagon]]: Draws a regular heptagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateHeptagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateHeptagon|Heptagon]]: Draws a regular heptagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateOctagon.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateOctagon|Octagon]]: Draws a regular octagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle. {{Version|0.15}}
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateOctagon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateOctagon|Octagon]]: Draws a regular octagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.


:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRegularPolygon.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRegularPolygon|Create Regular Polygon]] : Draws a regular polygon by selecting the number of sides and picking two points: the center and one corner.
:* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateRegularPolygon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateRegularPolygon|Create Regular Polygon]] : Draws a regular polygon by selecting the number of sides and picking two points: the center and one corner.


* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSlot.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSlot|Slot]]: Draws an oval by selecting the center of one semicircle and an endpoint of the other semicircle.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateSlot.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateSlot|Slot]]: Draws an oval by selecting the center of one semicircle and an endpoint of the other semicircle.


* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateFillet.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateFillet|Fillet]]: Makes a fillet between two lines joined at one point. Select both lines or click on the corner point, then activate the tool.
* [[Image:Sketcher_CreateFillet.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CreateFillet|Fillet]]: Makes a fillet between two lines joined at one point. Select both lines or click on the corner point, then activate the tool.


* [[Image:Sketcher_Trimming.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Trimming|Trimming]]: Trims a line, circle or arc with respect to the clicked point.
* [[Image:Sketcher_Trimming.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Trimming|Trimming]]: Trims a line, circle or arc with respect to the clicked point.


* [[File:Sketcher_Extend.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Extend|Extend]]: Extends a line or an arc to a boundary line, arc, ellipse, arc of ellipse or a point in space. {{Version|0.17}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Extend.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Extend|Extend]]: Extends a line or an arc to a boundary line, arc, ellipse, arc of ellipse or a point in space.


* [[Image:Sketcher_Split.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Split|Split]]: Splits a line or an arc into two, converts a circle into an arc while keeping most of the constraints. {{Version|0.20}}
* [[Image:Sketcher_External.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_External|External Geometry]]: Creates an edge linked to external geometry.


* [[File:Sketcher_CarbonCopy.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CarbonCopy|CarbonCopy]]: Copies the geometry of another sketch. {{Version|0.17}}
* [[Image:Sketcher_External.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_External|External Geometry]]: Creates an edge linked to external geometry.


* [[File:Sketcher_CarbonCopy.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CarbonCopy|CarbonCopy]]: Copies the geometry of another sketch.
* [[Image:Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleConstruction|Construction Mode]]: Toggles sketch geometry from/to construction mode. Construction geometry is shown in blue and is discarded outside of Sketch editing mode.

* [[File:Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleConstruction|Construction Mode]]: Toggles sketch geometry from/to construction mode. Construction geometry is shown in blue and is discarded outside of Sketch editing mode.


===Sketcher constraints===
===Sketcher constraints===
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These constraints are not associated with numeric data.
These constraints are not associated with numeric data.


* [[Image:Constraint_PointOnPoint.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainCoincident|Coincident]]: Affixes a point onto (coincident with) one or more other points.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident|Coincident]]: Affixes a point onto (coincident with) one or more other points.


* [[Image:Constraint_PointOnObject.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainPointOnObject|Point On Object]]: Affixes a point onto another object such as a line, arc, or axis.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point On Object]]: Affixes a point onto another object such as a line, arc, or axis.


* [[Image:Constraint_Vertical.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainVertical|Vertical]]: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true vertical orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainVertical.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainVertical|Vertical]]: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true vertical orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.


* [[Image:Constraint_Horizontal.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal|Horizontal]]: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true horizontal orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainHorizontal|Horizontal]]: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true horizontal orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.


* [[Image:Constraint_Parallel.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainParallel|Parallel]]: Constrains two or more lines parallel to one another.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainParallel.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainParallel|Parallel]]: Constrains two or more lines parallel to one another.


* [[Image:Constraint_Perpendicular.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular|Perpendicular]]: Constrains two lines perpendicular to one another, or constrains a line perpendicular to an arc endpoint.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainPerpendicular|Perpendicular]]: Constrains two lines perpendicular to one another, or constrains a line perpendicular to an arc endpoint.


* [[Image:Constraint_Tangent.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainTangent|Tangent]]: Creates a tangent constraint between two selected entities, or a co-linear constraint between two line segments. A line segment does not have to lie directly on an arc or circle to be constrained tangent to that arc or circle.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainTangent|Tangent]]: Creates a tangent constraint between two selected entities, or a co-linear constraint between two line segments. A line segment does not have to lie directly on an arc or circle to be constrained tangent to that arc or circle.


* [[Image:Constraint_EqualLength.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainEqual|Equal Length]]: Constrains two selected entities equal to one another. If used on circles or arcs their radii will be set equal.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainEqual.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainEqual|Equal]]: Constrains two selected entities equal to one another. If used on circles or arcs their radii will be set equal.


* [[Image:Constraint_Symmetric.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric|Symmetric]]: Constrains two points symmetrically about a line, or constrains the first two selected points symmetrically about a third selected point.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric|Symmetric]]: Constrains two points symmetrically about a line, or constrains the first two selected points symmetrically about a third selected point.


* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainBlock.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainBlock|Constrain Block]]: Basically allows to block a geometric element in place with a single constraint. It should be particularly useful to work with B-Splines. See the [https://forum.freecadweb.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=26572 Block Constraint forum topic]. {{Version|0.17}}
* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainBlock.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainBlock|Block]]: it blocks an edge from moving, that is, it prevents its vertices from changing their current positions. It should be particularly useful to fix the position of B-Splines. See the [https://forum.freecadweb.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=26572 Block Constraint forum topic].


====Dimensional constraints ====
====Dimensional constraints ====
These are constraints associated with numeric data, for which you can use the [[Expressions|expressions]]. The data may be taken from a [[Spreadsheet_Workbench|spreadsheet]].
These are constraints associated with numeric data, for which you can use the [[Expressions|expressions]]. The data may be taken from a [[Spreadsheet_Workbench|spreadsheet]].


* [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainLock.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainLock|Lock]]: Constrains the selected item by setting vertical and horizontal distances relative to the origin, thereby locking the location of that item. These constraint distances can be edited later.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainLock.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainLock|Lock]]: Constrains the selected item by setting vertical and horizontal distances relative to the origin, thereby locking the location of that item. These constraint distances can be edited later.


* [[Image:Constraint_HorizontalDistance.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainDistanceX|Horizontal Distance]]: Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceX.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceX|Horizontal distance]]: Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.


* [[Image:Constraint_VerticalDistance.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceY|Vertical Distance]]: Fixes the vertical distance between 2 points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceY.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistanceY|Vertical distance]]: Fixes the vertical distance between 2 points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.


* [[Image:Constraint_Length.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistance|Distance]]: Defines the distance of a selected line by constraining its length, or defines the distance between two points by constraining the distance between them.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDistance.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDistance|Distance]]: Defines the distance of a selected line by constraining its length, or defines the distance between two points by constraining the distance between them.


* [[Image:Constraint_Radius.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainRadius|Radius]]: Defines the radius of a selected arc or circle by constraining the radius.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainRadius.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainRadius|Radius]]: Defines the radius of a selected arc or circle by constraining the radius.
* [[Image:Constraint_InternalAngle.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainAngle|Internal Angle]]: Defines the internal angle between two selected lines.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainDiameter.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainDiameter|Diameter]]: Defines the diameter of a selected arc or circle by constraining the radius.
* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainAngle.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainAngle|Angle]]: Defines the internal angle between two selected lines.


====Special constraints ====
* [[Image:Constraint_SnellsLaw.png|32px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainSnellsLaw|Snell's Law]]: Constrains two lines to obey a refraction law to simulate the light going through an interface. {{Version|0.15}}


* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainSnellsLaw.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainSnellsLaw|Snell's Law]]: Constrains two lines to obey a refraction law to simulate the light going through an interface.
* [[Image:Constraint_InternalAlignment.png |32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainInternalAlignment|Internal Alignment]]: Aligns selected elements to selected shape (e.g. a line to become major axis of an ellipse).


* [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainInternalAlignment.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainInternalAlignment|Internal alignment]]: Aligns selected elements to selected shape (e.g. a line to become major axis of an ellipse).
* [[Image:Sketcher_ToggleConstraint.png |32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleDrivingConstraint|Toggle reference/driving constraint]]: Toggles the toolbar or the selected constraints to/from reference mode. {{Version|0.16}}

====Constraint tools ====
The following tools can be used the change the effect of constraints:

* [[File:Sketcher_ToggleDrivingConstraint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleDrivingConstraint|Toggle driving/reference constraint]]: Toggles the toolbar or the selected constraints to/from reference mode.

* [[File:Sketcher_ToggleActiveConstraint.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ToggleActiveConstraint|Activate/Deactivate constraint]]: Enable or disable an already placed constraint. {{Version|0.19}}


===Sketcher tools===
===Sketcher tools===


* [[File:Sketcher SelectElementsWithDoFs.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectElementsWithDoFs|Select solver DOFs]]: Highlights in green the geometry with degrees of freedom (DOFs), i.e. not fully constrained. {{Version|0.18}}
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectElementsWithDoFs.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectElementsWithDoFs|Select solver DOFs]]: Highlights in green the geometry with degrees of freedom (DOFs), i.e. not fully constrained.


* [[Image:Sketcher CloseShape.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher CloseShape|Close Shape]]: Creates a closed shape by applying coincident constraints to endpoints {{Version|0.15}}
* [[File:Sketcher_CloseShape.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_CloseShape|Close Shape]]: Creates a closed shape by applying coincident constraints to endpoints


* [[Image:Sketcher ConnectLines.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher ConnectLines|Connect Edges]]: Connect sketcher elements by applying coincident constraints to endpoints {{Version|0.15}}
* [[File:Sketcher_ConnectLines.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConnectLines|Connect Edges]]: Connect sketcher elements by applying coincident constraints to endpoints


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectConstraints.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectConstraints|Select Constraints]]: Selects the constraints of a sketcher element {{Version|0.15}}
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectConstraints|Select Constraints]]: Selects the constraints of a sketcher element


* [[File:Sketcher_SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints|Select Elements Associated with constraints]]: Select sketcher elements associated with constraints
* [[Image:Sketcher SelectOrigin.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectOrigin|Select Origin]]: Selects the origin of a sketch {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectVerticalAxis.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectVerticalAxis|Select Vertical Axis]]: Selects the vertical axis of a sketch {{Version|0.15}}
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectRedundantConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectRedundantConstraints|Select Redundant Constraints]]: Selects redundant constraints of a sketch


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectHorizontalAxis.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectHorizontalAxis|Select Horizontal Axis]]: Selects the horizontal axis of a sketch {{Version|0.15}}
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectConflictingConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectConflictingConstraints|Select Conflicting Constraints]]: Selects conflicting constraints of a sketch


* [[File:Sketcher_RestoreInternalAlignmentGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RestoreInternalAlignmentGeometry|Show/Hide internal geometry]]: Recreates missing/deletes unneeded internal geometry of a selected ellipse, arc of ellipse/hyperbola/parabola or B-spline.
* [[Image:Sketcher SelectRedundantConstraints.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectRedundantConstraints|Select Redundant Constraints]]: Selects redundant constraints of a sketch {{Version|0.15}}


* [[Image:Sketcher SelectConflictingConstraints.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectConflictingConstraints|Select Conflicting Constraints]]: Selects conflicting constraints of a sketch {{Version|0.15}}
* [[File:Sketcher_SelectOrigin.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectOrigin|Select Origin]]: Selects the origin of a sketch


* [[File:Sketcher_SelectVerticalAxis.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectVerticalAxis|Select Vertical Axis]]: Selects the vertical axis of a sketch
* [[Image:Sketcher SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher SelectElementsAssociatedWithConstraints|Select Elements Associated with constraints]]: Select sketcher elements associated with constraints {{Version|0.15}}


* [[File:Sketcher_SelectHorizontalAxis.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SelectHorizontalAxis|Select Horizontal Axis]]: Selects the horizontal axis of a sketch
* [[File:Sketcher_Element_Ellipse_All.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_RestoreInternalAlignmentGeometry|Show/Hide internal geometry]]: Recreates missing/deletes unneeded internal geometry of a selected ellipse, arc of ellipse/hyperbola/parabola or B-spline.


* [[Image:Sketcher Symmetry.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher Symmetry|Symmetry]]: Copies a sketcher element symmetrical to a chosen line {{Version|0.16}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Symmetry.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Symmetry|Symmetry]]: Copies a sketcher element symmetrical to a chosen line


* [[Image:Sketcher Clone.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher Clone|Clone]]: Clones a sketcher element {{Version|0.16}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Clone.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Clone|Clone]]: Clones a sketcher element


* [[Image:Sketcher Copy.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher Copy|Copy]]: Copies a sketcher element {{Version|0.16}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Copy.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Copy|Copy]]: Copies a sketcher element


* [[File:Sketcher_Move.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Move|Move]]: Moves the selected geometry taking as reference the last selected point. {{Version|0.18}}
* [[File:Sketcher_Move.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Move|Move]]: Moves the selected geometry taking as reference the last selected point.


* [[Image:Sketcher RectangularArray.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher RectangularArray|Rectangular Array]]: Creates an array of selected sketcher elements {{Version|0.16}}
* [[File:Sketcher_RectangularArray.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_RectangularArray|Rectangular Array]]: Creates an array of selected sketcher elements


* [[File:Sketcher Element SelectionTypeInvalid.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllGeometry|Delete All Geometry]]: Deletes all geometry from the sketch. {{Version|0.18}}
* [[File:Sketcher_DeleteAllGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllGeometry|Delete All Geometry]]: Deletes all geometry from the sketch.


* [[File:Sketcher Element SelectionTypeInvalid.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllConstraints|Delete All Constraints]]: Deletes all constraints from the sketch. {{Version|0.18}}
* [[File:Sketcher_DeleteAllConstraints.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_DeleteAllConstraints|Delete All Constraints]]: Deletes all constraints from the sketch.


===Sketcher B-spline tools===
===Sketcher B-spline tools===


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineDegree|Show/Hide B-spline degree]]
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineDegree|Show/hide B-spline degree]]


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplinePolygon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplinePolygon|Show/Hide B-spline control polygon]]
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplinePolygon.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplinePolygon|Show/hide B-spline control polygon]]


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineComb.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineComb|Show/Hide B-spline curvature comb]]
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineComb.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineComb|Show/hide B-spline curvature comb]]


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineKnotMultiplicity.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineKnotMultiplicity|Show/Hide B-spline knot multiplicity]]
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineKnotMultiplicity.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineKnotMultiplicity|Show/hide B-spline knot multiplicity]]


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineApproximate.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_ConvertToNURB|Convert Geometry to B-spline]]
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplinePoleWeight.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplinePoleWeight|Show/hide B-spline control point weight]], {{Version|0.19}}


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseDegree|Increase degree]]
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineApproximate.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineApproximate|Convert geometry to B-spline]]

* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseDegree|Increase B-spline degree]]

* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseDegree.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseDegree|Decrease B-spline degree]], {{Version|0.19}}


* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseKnotMultiplicity.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseKnotMultiplicity|Increase knot multiplicity]]
* [[File:Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseKnotMultiplicity.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineIncreaseKnotMultiplicity|Increase knot multiplicity]]
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===Sketcher virtual space===
===Sketcher virtual space===


* [[Image:Sketcher SwitchVirtualSpace.png‎|32px]] [[Sketcher_SwitchVirtualSpace|Switch Virtual Space]]: Allows you to "hide" constraints and make them visible again. {{Version|0.17}} See https://forum.freecadweb.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=26614
* [[File:Sketcher_SwitchVirtualSpace.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_SwitchVirtualSpace|Switch Virtual Space]]: Allows you to hide all constraints of a sketch and make them visible again.


===Preferences===
===Preferences===


* [[Image:Std_DlgParameter.png|32px]] [[Sketcher_Preferences|Preferences...]]: Preferences disposable in Sketcher Tools.
* [[Image:Preferences-general.svg|32px]] [[Sketcher_Preferences|Preferences]]: Preferences for the '''Sketcher''' workbench.


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* Máte-li možnost vybrat si mezi vazbou Délky a vazbou Svislé nebo Vodorovné vzdálenosti, dejte přednost té druhé. Vazby Svislé nebo Vodorovné vzdálenosti jsou méně náročné na výpočty.
* Máte-li možnost vybrat si mezi vazbou Délky a vazbou Svislé nebo Vodorovné vzdálenosti, dejte přednost té druhé. Vazby Svislé nebo Vodorovné vzdálenosti jsou méně náročné na výpočty.
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== Tutorials ==
== Tutorials ==

* [[Sketcher tutorial]] for beginners
* [https://forum.freecadweb.org/viewtopic.php?f=36&t=30104 Sketcher tutorial] by chrisb. This is a 70-page long PDF document that serves as a detailed manual for the sketcher. It explains the basics of Sketcher usage, and goes into a lot of detail about the creation of geometrical shapes, and each of the constraints.
* [[Sketcher Tutorial]]
* [[Sketcher Micro Tutorial - Constraint Practices]]
* [[Basic Sketcher Tutorial|Basic Sketcher Tutorial]] for beginners
* [[Sketcher Micro Tutorial - Constraint Practices|Sketcher Micro Tutorial - Constraint Practices]]
* [[Sketcher requirement for a sketch|Sketcher requirement for a sketch]] Minimum requirement for a sketch and Complete determination of a sketch

== Scripting ==

The [[Sketcher_scripting|Sketcher scripting]] page contains examples on how to create constraints from Python scripts.



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[[Category:User Documentation/cs]]
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Revision as of 18:32, 6 May 2021

Sketcher workbench icon

Úvod

Pracovní plocha Skicář je používána pro vytváření 2D konstrukcí určených pro použití v Pracovní ploše Návrh dílu a dalších pracovních plochách. Obecně jsou 2D konstrukce zamýšleny jako startovní bod pro většinu CAD modelů - jednoduchý 2D náčrt může být 'vysunut' do 3D tvaru, dále mohou být 2D náčrty použity k vytváření kapes v povrchu objektu a náčrty mohou být využity pro definování 'desek' (vysunutí) na povrchu 3D objektů. Spolu s logickými operacemi, náčrt vytváří jádro generativního návrhu dílu tělesa.

Samotná pracovní plocha Skicář obsahuje vazby - umožňující 2D tvarům mít vazby pro přesné definice konstrukcí. A kalkulátor vazeb který počítá rozšíření vazeb 2D konstrukcí a umožňuje interaktivní zkoumání stupňů volnosti náčrtů.

Základní plně vazbený náčrt‎.

Základy vazeb v náčrtu

Pro vysvětlení funkce Skicáře může být užitečné porovnání s "tradičním" způsobem kreslení.

Tradiční kreslení

Tradiční způsob kreslení v CADu vychází ze starého kreslicího prkna. Ortogonální (2D) pohledy jsou kresleny ručně a určeny pro vytváření technických výkresů (také známé jako blueprints). Objekty jsou kresleny přesně pro zamýšlený rozměr nebo velikost. Chcete-li nakreslit vodorovnou přímku dlouhou 100mm a začínající v (0,0), aktivujete nástroj Přímka buď kliknutím na obrazovku nebo zadáte souřadnice prvního bodu (0,0), potom uděláte druhý klik nebo zadáte souřadnice druhého bodu (100,0). Nebo nakreslíte přímku bez ohledu na její pozici a posunete ji později. Když dokončíte kreslení konstrukce, přidáte k ní kóty.

Skicování s vazbami

Skicář se vzdaluje od této logiky. Objekty nemusejí být kresleny přesně tak jak zamýšlíte, protože budou definovány později pomocí vazeb. Objekty mohou být kresleny volně a pokud nejsou vazbeny mohou být upravovány. Provedením jsou "plovoucí" a mohou být posunovány, natahovány, otáčeny, lze jim měnit měřítko, atd. To dodává velkou flexibilitu v procesu návrhu.

Co jsou vazby?

Vazby jsou použity k omezení stupňů volnosti objektu. Například přímka bez vazeb má 4 stupně volnosti: může se posunovat vodorovně nebo svisle, může být natahována a otáčena.

Použití vodorovné nebo svislé vazby nebo vazbu úhlu (relativně k jiné přímce nebo k některé z os) omezí její možnosti otáčení, takže jí zbudou jen tři stupně volnosti. Zavazbení jednoho bodu v relaci k počátku odebere další 2 stupně volnosti. A aplikace vazby rozměru odebere poslední stupeň volnosti. Přímka je potom považována za plně vazbenou.

Více objektů může být vazbeno mezi sebou vzájemně. Dvě přímky mohou být spojeny prostřednictvím jejich bodů pomocí vazby souhlasných bodů. Může být nastaven úhel mezi nimi nebo mohou být nastaveny kolmo k sobě. Přímka se může dotýkat oblouku nebo kružnice, atd.

Jsou dva druhy vazeb: konstrukční a rozměrové. Detailně jsou rozebrány v sekci 'Nástroje' dále.

Pro co není Skicář vhodný

Skicář není určen pro vytváření 2D výkresů. Protože náčrty jsou používány pro generování těles, jsou automaticky skrývány. Rozměry jsou viditelné pouze v editačním módu Náčrtu.

Jestliže potřebujete vytvářet pouze 2D pohledy pro tisk a nepotřebujete vytvářet 3D modely, podívejte se na Pracovní plochu kreslení (a nezapomínejte na to, že pracovní plocha Kreslení je také užitečná pro vytváření 2D konstrukcí nedostupných v současné době ve Skicáři, jako je třeba B-křivka).

Sketching Workflow

Postup práce ve Skicáři

Bude přidáno

If a Sketch has segments that cross one another, places where a Point is not directly on a segment, or places where there are gaps between endpoints of adjacent segments, Pad or Revolve won't create a solid. Sometimes a Sketch which contains lines which cross one another will work for a simple operation such as Pad, but later operations such as Linear Pattern will fail. It is best to avoid crossing lines. The exception to this rule is that it doesn't apply to Construction (blue) Geometry.

Inside the enclosed area we can have smaller non-overlapping areas. These will become voids when the 3D solid is created.

Once a Sketch is fully constrained, the Sketch features will turn green; Construction Geometry will remain blue. It is usually "finished" at this point and suitable for use in creating a 3D solid. However, once the Sketch dialog is closed it may be worthwhile going to Part Workbench and running Check geometry to ensure there are no features in the Sketch which may cause later problems.

Nástroje

Nástroje pracovní plochy Skicář jsou umístěny v menu Skicář, které se zobrazí když natáhnete pracovní plochu Skicář.

General

  • New sketch: Creates‎ a new sketch on a selected face or plane. If no face is selected while this tool is executed the user is prompted to select a plane from a pop-up window.
  • View sketch: Sets the model view perpendicular to the sketch plane.
  • View section: Creates a section plane that temporarily hides any matter in front of the sketch plane.
  • Reorient sketch: Allows you to attach the sketch to one of the main planes.
  • Validate sketch: Verify the tolerance of different points and adjust them.
  • Mirror sketch: Mirror a sketch along the x-axis, the y-axis or the origin.
  • Stop operation: when in edit mode, stop the current operation, whether that is drawing, setting constraints, etc.

Sketcher geometries

These are tools for creating objects.

  • Line: Draws a line segment between 2 points. Lines are infinite regarding certain constraints.
  • Create an arc: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:
  • Arc: Draws an arc segment from center, radius, start angle and end angle.
  • Arc by 3 points: Draws an arc segment from two endpoints and another point on the circumference.
  • Create a circle: This is an icon menu in the Sketcher toolbar that holds the following commands:
  • Circle: Draws a circle from center and radius.
  • Polyline (multiple-point line): Draws a line made of multiple line segments. Pressing the M key while drawing a Polyline toggles between the different polyline modes.
  • Rectangle: Draws a rectangle from 2 opposite points.
  • Triangle: Draws a regular triangle inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
  • Square: Draws a regular square inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
  • Pentagon: Draws a regular pentagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
  • Hexagon: Draws a regular hexagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
  • Heptagon: Draws a regular heptagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
  • Octagon: Draws a regular octagon inscribed in a construction geometry circle.
  • Create Regular Polygon : Draws a regular polygon by selecting the number of sides and picking two points: the center and one corner.
  • Slot: Draws an oval by selecting the center of one semicircle and an endpoint of the other semicircle.
  • Fillet: Makes a fillet between two lines joined at one point. Select both lines or click on the corner point, then activate the tool.
  • Trimming: Trims a line, circle or arc with respect to the clicked point.
  • Extend: Extends a line or an arc to a boundary line, arc, ellipse, arc of ellipse or a point in space.
  • CarbonCopy: Copies the geometry of another sketch.
  • Construction Mode: Toggles sketch geometry from/to construction mode. Construction geometry is shown in blue and is discarded outside of Sketch editing mode.

Sketcher constraints

Constraints are used to define lengths, set rules between sketch elements, and to lock the sketch along the vertical and horizontal axes. Some constraints require use of Helper constraints.

Geometric constraints

These constraints are not associated with numeric data.

  • Coincident: Affixes a point onto (coincident with) one or more other points.
  • Point On Object: Affixes a point onto another object such as a line, arc, or axis.
  • Vertical: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true vertical orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.
  • Horizontal: Constrains the selected lines or polyline elements to a true horizontal orientation. More than one object can be selected before applying this constraint.
  • Parallel: Constrains two or more lines parallel to one another.
  • Perpendicular: Constrains two lines perpendicular to one another, or constrains a line perpendicular to an arc endpoint.
  • Tangent: Creates a tangent constraint between two selected entities, or a co-linear constraint between two line segments. A line segment does not have to lie directly on an arc or circle to be constrained tangent to that arc or circle.
  • Equal: Constrains two selected entities equal to one another. If used on circles or arcs their radii will be set equal.
  • Symmetric: Constrains two points symmetrically about a line, or constrains the first two selected points symmetrically about a third selected point.
  • Block: it blocks an edge from moving, that is, it prevents its vertices from changing their current positions. It should be particularly useful to fix the position of B-Splines. See the Block Constraint forum topic.

Dimensional constraints

These are constraints associated with numeric data, for which you can use the expressions. The data may be taken from a spreadsheet.

  • Lock: Constrains the selected item by setting vertical and horizontal distances relative to the origin, thereby locking the location of that item. These constraint distances can be edited later.
  • Horizontal distance: Fixes the horizontal distance between two points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.
  • Vertical distance: Fixes the vertical distance between 2 points or line endpoints. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin.
  • Distance: Defines the distance of a selected line by constraining its length, or defines the distance between two points by constraining the distance between them.
  • Radius: Defines the radius of a selected arc or circle by constraining the radius.
  • Diameter: Defines the diameter of a selected arc or circle by constraining the radius.
  • Angle: Defines the internal angle between two selected lines.

Special constraints

  • Snell's Law: Constrains two lines to obey a refraction law to simulate the light going through an interface.
  • Internal alignment: Aligns selected elements to selected shape (e.g. a line to become major axis of an ellipse).

Constraint tools

The following tools can be used the change the effect of constraints:

Sketcher tools

  • Select solver DOFs: Highlights in green the geometry with degrees of freedom (DOFs), i.e. not fully constrained.
  • Close Shape: Creates a closed shape by applying coincident constraints to endpoints
  • Connect Edges: Connect sketcher elements by applying coincident constraints to endpoints
  • Show/Hide internal geometry: Recreates missing/deletes unneeded internal geometry of a selected ellipse, arc of ellipse/hyperbola/parabola or B-spline.
  • Symmetry: Copies a sketcher element symmetrical to a chosen line
  • Clone: Clones a sketcher element
  • Copy: Copies a sketcher element
  • Move: Moves the selected geometry taking as reference the last selected point.

Sketcher B-spline tools

Sketcher virtual space

Preferences

Dobrá praxe

Každý uživatel CADu si časem vytvoří svůj vlastní způsob práce, ale je několik obecných principů, které je dobré následovat.

  • Je snadnější pracovat se sérií jednoduchých náčrtů než s jedním složitým. Například první náčrt může být vytvořen jako základ 3D tvarů (buď deska nebo obtáčení), zatímco druhý může obsahovat otvory nebo vyřezy (kapsy). Některé detaily mohou být vynechány s pozdější realizací na 3D tvaru. Pokud je na náčrtu mnoho zaoblení, můžete je vynechat a přidat je až na 3D tvaru.
  • Vždy vytvářejte uzavřený profil jinak náčrt nebude generovat těleso, ale místo toho skupinu otevřených ploch. Pokud chcete aby některé objekty nebyly zahrnuty při vytváření tělesa, změňte je na konstrukční prvky pomocí nástroje Konstrukční mód.
  • Použijte vlastnost autovazba pro omezení počtu vazeb, když je musíte přidávat ručně.
  •  Je obecné pravidlo, nejprve nastavit konstrukční vazby, potom délkové vazby a nakonec uzamknout náčrt. Ale pamatujte si: pravidla jsou k tomu aby se porušovala. Když máte problémy s manipulací s náčrtem, může se hodit nastavit vazby mezi několika objekty před kompletací profilu.
  • Pokud je to možné vystřeďte náčrt na počátek (0,0) s vazbou uzamčení. Není-li náčrt symetrický, umístěte jeden z jeho bodů do počátku nebo vyberte pěkné kulaté číslo pro uzamčenou vzdálenost. Ve verzi v0.12 nejsou implementovány externí vazby (vazbí náčrt k existující 3D konstrukci jako jsou hrany nebo jiné náčrty).

To znamená, že pro umístění následujících konstrukčních náčrtů na první náčrt budete potřebovat nastavit vzdálenost relativně k prvnímu náčrtu ručně. Vazba uzamčení na (25,75) od počátku je mnohem jednodušší pro zapamatování než (23.47,73.02).

  • Máte-li možnost vybrat si mezi vazbou Délky a vazbou Svislé nebo Vodorovné vzdálenosti, dejte přednost té druhé. Vazby Svislé nebo Vodorovné vzdálenosti jsou méně náročné na výpočty.

Tutorials

Scripting

The Sketcher scripting page contains examples on how to create constraints from Python scripts.