Sketcher ConstrainCoincident: Difference between revisions
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|[[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincidentUnified|Coincident (unified)]] |
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|[[Sketcher_ToggleConstruction|Construction Mode]] |
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|[[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point |
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|Shortcut={{KEY|C}} |
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|SeeAlso=[[ |
|SeeAlso=[[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincidentUnified|Sketcher ConstrainCoincidentUnified]], [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Sketcher ConstrainPointOnObject]] |
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==Description== <!--T:40--> |
==Description== <!--T:40--> |
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The [[Image:Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident|Sketcher ConstrainCoincident]] tool creates a coincident constraint between points, or ({{Version|0.21}}) a concentric constraint between circles, arcs and/or ellipses (by making their centers coincident). |
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Create a coincident constraint on the selected item |
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{{Version|0.22}}: This tool is replaced by the [[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincidentUnified|Sketcher ConstrainCoincidentUnified]] tool if the {{MenuCommand|Unify Coincident and PointOnObject}} option is selected in the [[Sketcher_Preferences#General|Sketcher Preferences]]. |
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This constraint tool takes two points as its argument and serves to make the two points ''coincident''. (Meaning to make them as-one-point). |
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==Usage== <!--T:41--> |
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In practical terms this constraint tool is useful when there is a break in a profile for example - where two lines end near each other and need to be joined - a coincident constraint on their end-points will close the gap. |
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See also: [[Sketcher_Workbench#Drawing_aids|Drawing aids]]. |
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===[[Sketcher_Workbench#Continue_modes|Continue mode]]=== |
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As stated above, this tool takes two arguments - both are points. |
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# First, it is necessary to highlight two distinct points. ({{Emphasis|Note:}} this will not work if, for example, you attempt to select the start and end point of the same straight line; selecting the start and end points of an arc will produce a closed circle or ellipse but will constrain the location of the seam to be on that point). |
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# Highlighting of a drawing item is achieved by moving the mouse over the item and clicking the left-mouse-button. |
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# It is also possible to highlight all items inside a rectangle by clicking and dragging. When dragging from left to right (with any vertical motion), only the shapes which are entirely contained within the rectangle will be highlighted; in the other direction all shapes which intersect with the selection rectangle will be highlighted. This can be used to select only the vertices without selecting the edges, by dragging a small recangle around some vertices from left to right, as long as there are no edges which are fully contained within the rectangle. |
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# A highlighted item will change its color to green. (This color can be customized in {{MenuCommand|Editing → Preference → Display → Colors → Selection}}) |
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# Subsequent items can be highlighted by repeating the above procedure(s). {{Emphasis|Note:}} it's unnecessary to hold-down any special key like {{KEY|Ctrl}} to achieve multiple item selection in a drawing. |
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# Once you have two points highlighted, you can invoke the command using several methods: |
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#* Using the {{KEY|C}} keyboard shortcut. |
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{{Emphasis|Result:}} the command will cause the two points to become ''coincident'' and be replaced by a single point. |
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# Make sure there is no selection. |
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{{Emphasis|Note:}} In order to make two points coincident, FreeCAD must out of necessity move one (or both) of the original points. |
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# There are several ways to invoke the tool: |
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#* Use the keyboard shortcut: {{KEY|C}}. |
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# The cursor changes to a white cross with the tool icon. |
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# Do one of the following: |
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#* Select two points. |
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#* Select two edges of circles, arcs, ellipses or arcs of ellipses. |
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# A constraint is added. |
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# Optionally keep creating constraints. |
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# To finish, right-click or press {{KEY|Esc}}, or start another geometry or constraint creation tool. |
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===Run-once mode=== |
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# Do one of the following: |
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The two constrained items of a [[Sketcher ConstrainCoincident|Coincident]] constraint must be start point {{incode|1}} or end point {{incode|2}} vertices, or center points {{incode|3}}. The coincident constraint cannot be used directly with an entire edge {{incode|0}} or refer to the center point of a straight line. Some combinations which are not possible with a coincident constraint can be emulated using other constraints: |
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#* Select two or more points. |
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#* Select two or more edges of circles, arcs, ellipses or arcs of ellipses. |
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⚫ | * A midpoint-to-midpoint placement can be achieved by creating a new [[File:Sketcher_CreatePoint.svg| |
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# Invoke the tool as explained above. |
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⚫ | * |
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# Depending on the selection one or more constraints are added. |
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⚫ | * |
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* Instead of using the values {{incode|0}} (edge) and {{incode|0}} (edge), two edges can be made identical by using two [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainCoincident|Coincident]] constraint, one for each pair of extremities. |
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* Instead of using the values {{incode|0}} (edge) and {{incode|0}} (edge), two circles can be made identical using a [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainCoincident.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainCoincident|Coincident]] constraint to merge the centers, and applying a [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainEqual.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher ConstrainEqual|Equal]] constraint applied to their edges. For arcs, this will ensure both arcs are part of the same circle, while allowing them to have different start and end points. |
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Some combinations which are not possible with a coincident constraint can be emulated using other constraints: |
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⚫ | * A midpoint-to-midpoint placement of two straight lines can be achieved by creating a new [[File:Sketcher_CreatePoint.svg|16px]] [[Sketcher_CreatePoint|Point]] and using two [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric.svg|16px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainSymmetric|Symmetric]] constraints so that it lies on the midpoint of both lines. |
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⚫ | * A vertex can be constrained to lie along an edge using a [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject.svg|16px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|PointOnObject]] constraint. Note that with this constraint, the point can lie anywhere on the full extension of a segment or curve (i.e. also before the start point or beyond the end point). |
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⚫ | * A collinear placement of two straight lines can be obtained by applying a [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainTangent.svg|16px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainTangent|Tangent]] constraint to them, or by combining a [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject.svg|16px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|PointOnObject]] constraint and a [[File:Sketcher_ConstrainParallel.svg|16px]] [[Sketcher_ConstrainParallel|Parallel]] constraint. |
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==Scripting== <!--T:14--> |
==Scripting== <!--T:14--> |
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The constraint can be created from macros and from the |
The constraint can be created from [[Macros|macros]] and from the [[Python|Python]] console by using the following command: |
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* {{incode|PointOfLineMoving}} indicates which vertex of {{incode|LineMoving}} has to fulfill the constraint |
* {{incode|PointOfLineMoving}} indicates which vertex of {{incode|LineMoving}} has to fulfill the constraint |
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As the names {{incode|LineFixed}} and {{incode|LineMoving}} indicate, if both constrained vertices are free to move in any direction, the first one (first to be selected in the Gui) will remain fixed and the other one will move. In the presence of existing constraints, however, both edges may move. |
As the names {{incode|LineFixed}} and {{incode|LineMoving}} indicate, if both constrained vertices are free to move in any direction, the first one (first to be selected in the Gui) will remain fixed and the other one will move. In the presence of existing constraints, however, both edges may move. |
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The [[ |
The [[Sketcher_scripting|Sketcher scripting]] page explains the values which can be used for {{incode|LineFixed}}, {{incode|PointOfLineFixed}}, {{incode|LineMoving}} and {{incode|PointOfLineMoving}}, and contains further examples on how to create constraints from Python scripts. |
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|[[Sketcher_ConstrainCoincidentUnified|Coincident (unified)]] |
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|[[Sketcher_ToggleConstruction|Construction Mode]] |
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|[[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point |
|[[Sketcher_ConstrainPointOnObject|Point on object]] |
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|[[Sketcher_Workbench|Sketcher]] |
|[[Sketcher_Workbench|Sketcher]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:11, 11 March 2024
Sketcher ConstrainCoincident |
Menu location |
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Sketch → Sketcher constraints → Constrain coincident |
Workbenches |
Sketcher |
Default shortcut |
C |
Introduced in version |
- |
See also |
Sketcher ConstrainCoincidentUnified, Sketcher ConstrainPointOnObject |
Description
The Sketcher ConstrainCoincident tool creates a coincident constraint between points, or (introduced in version 0.21) a concentric constraint between circles, arcs and/or ellipses (by making their centers coincident).
introduced in version 0.22: This tool is replaced by the Sketcher ConstrainCoincidentUnified tool if the Unify Coincident and PointOnObject option is selected in the Sketcher Preferences.
Usage
See also: Drawing aids.
Continue mode
- Make sure there is no selection.
- There are several ways to invoke the tool:
- Press the Constrain coincident button.
- Select the Sketch → Sketcher constraints → Constrain coincident option from the menu.
- Use the keyboard shortcut: C.
- The cursor changes to a white cross with the tool icon.
- Do one of the following:
- Select two points.
- Select two edges of circles, arcs, ellipses or arcs of ellipses.
- A constraint is added.
- Optionally keep creating constraints.
- To finish, right-click or press Esc, or start another geometry or constraint creation tool.
Run-once mode
- Do one of the following:
- Select two or more points.
- Select two or more edges of circles, arcs, ellipses or arcs of ellipses.
- Invoke the tool as explained above.
- Depending on the selection one or more constraints are added.
Alternatives to Coincident constraint
Some combinations which are not possible with a coincident constraint can be emulated using other constraints:
- The Symmetric constraint can be used to place a point on the midpoint of a straight line.
- A midpoint-to-midpoint placement of two straight lines can be achieved by creating a new Point and using two Symmetric constraints so that it lies on the midpoint of both lines.
- A vertex can be constrained to lie along an edge using a PointOnObject constraint. Note that with this constraint, the point can lie anywhere on the full extension of a segment or curve (i.e. also before the start point or beyond the end point).
- A collinear placement of two straight lines can be obtained by applying a Tangent constraint to them, or by combining a PointOnObject constraint and a Parallel constraint.
Scripting
The constraint can be created from macros and from the Python console by using the following command:
Sketch.addConstraint(Sketcher.Constraint('Coincident',LineFixed,PointOfLineFixed,LineMoving,PointOfLineMoving))
where :
Sketch
is a sketch objectLineFixed
is the number of the line, that will not move by applying the constraintPointOfLineFixed
indicates which vertex ofLineFixed
has to fulfill the constraintLineMoving
is the number of the line, that will move by applying the constraintPointOfLineMoving
indicates which vertex ofLineMoving
has to fulfill the constraint
As the names LineFixed
and LineMoving
indicate, if both constrained vertices are free to move in any direction, the first one (first to be selected in the Gui) will remain fixed and the other one will move. In the presence of existing constraints, however, both edges may move.
The Sketcher scripting page explains the values which can be used for LineFixed
, PointOfLineFixed
, LineMoving
and PointOfLineMoving
, and contains further examples on how to create constraints from Python scripts.
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