Sketcher BSplineIncreaseDegree: Difference between revisions

From FreeCAD Documentation
(remove statement about number of control points as discussed: https://forum.freecadweb.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=51600&p=444884#p444884)
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Increases the degree of the B-spline(see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-spline B-spline]).
Increases the degree of the B-spline(see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-spline B-spline]).


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B-splines are basically a combination of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezier_curve#Constructing_B%C3%A9zier_curves Bézier curves] (nicely explained in [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bE1MrrqBAl8 this] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xXJylM2S72s this] video).
B-splines are basically a combination of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezier_curve#Constructing_B%C3%A9zier_curves Bézier curves] (nicely explained in [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bE1MrrqBAl8 this] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xXJylM2S72s this] video).


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In this cubic spline (degree 3) there are 3 segments, meaning 3 curves are connected at 2 knots<br>(degree is indicated by the number, indication can be changed using the toolbar button {{Button|[[File:Sketcher_BSplineDegree.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineDegree|Show/hide B-spline degree]]}}):
In this cubic spline (degree 3) there are 3 segments, meaning 3 curves are connected at 2 knots<br>(degree is indicated by the number, indication can be changed using the toolbar button {{Button|[[File:Sketcher_BSplineDegree.svg|24px]] [[Sketcher_BSplineDegree|Show/hide B-spline degree]]}}):


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[[File:Sketcher_BSplineDegree3.png|400px]]
[[File:Sketcher_BSplineDegree3.png|400px]]
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{{Caption|B-spline with degree 3 and 2 knots that each have the multiplicity 1.}}
{{Caption|B-spline with degree 3 and 2 knots that each have the multiplicity 1.}}


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The outer segments have each 2 control points, the inner one none to fulfill the constraint that the knots have multiplicity 1. (see [[Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseKnotMultiplicity#Description|this page]] for an explanation of the multiplicity)
The outer segments have each 2 control points, the inner one none to fulfill the constraint that the knots have multiplicity 1. (see [[Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseKnotMultiplicity#Description|this page]] for an explanation of the multiplicity)


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Increasing the degree will add control points and the shape of the spline is not changed:
Increasing the degree will add control points and the shape of the spline is not changed:


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[[File:Sketcher_BSplineDegree4.png|400px]]
[[File:Sketcher_BSplineDegree4.png|400px]]
<translate>
<translate>
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{{Caption|Same B-spline where the degree was changed from 3 to 4. Note that also the knot multiplicity was increased.}}
{{Caption|Same B-spline where the degree was changed from 3 to 4. Note that also the knot multiplicity was increased.}}


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If you take this result and decrease the degree, you cannot get the initial state of the spline information will be lost by this operation. For our example decreasing the degree again leads to this:
If you take this result and decrease the degree, you cannot get the initial state of the spline information will be lost by this operation. For our example decreasing the degree again leads to this:


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[[File:Sketcher_BSplineDegree3from4.png|400px]]
[[File:Sketcher_BSplineDegree3from4.png|400px]]
<translate>
<translate>
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{{Caption|Same B-spline where the degree was changed back from 4 to 3. Note that the knot multiplicity was increased.}}
{{Caption|Same B-spline where the degree was changed back from 4 to 3. Note that the knot multiplicity was increased.}}


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You can see that now each segment has 2 control points and the knots are coincident with each a further control point. The knots have now ''C''<sup>0</sup> continuity so that the spline will get "edges" when you move a control point. So the information of a higher continuity is lost. (see [[Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseKnotMultiplicity#Description|this page]] to for an explanation of the continuity)
You can see that now each segment has 2 control points and the knots are coincident with each a further control point. The knots have now ''C''<sup>0</sup> continuity so that the spline will get "edges" when you move a control point. So the information of a higher continuity is lost. (see [[Sketcher_BSplineDecreaseKnotMultiplicity#Description|this page]] to for an explanation of the continuity)



Revision as of 13:52, 2 December 2020

Sketcher BSplineIncreaseDegree

Menu location
Sketch → Sketcher B-spline tools → Increase Degree of B-spline
Workbenches
Sketcher
Default shortcut
None
Introduced in version
0.17
See also
Show/hide B-spline degree, Decrease B-spline degree

Description

Increases the degree of the B-spline(see B-spline).

B-splines are basically a combination of Bézier curves (nicely explained in this and this video).

In this cubic spline (degree 3) there are 3 segments, meaning 3 curves are connected at 2 knots
(degree is indicated by the number, indication can be changed using the toolbar button Show/hide B-spline degree):

B-spline with degree 3 and 2 knots that each have the multiplicity 1.

The outer segments have each 2 control points, the inner one none to fulfill the constraint that the knots have multiplicity 1. (see this page for an explanation of the multiplicity)

Increasing the degree will add control points and the shape of the spline is not changed:

Same B-spline where the degree was changed from 3 to 4. Note that also the knot multiplicity was increased.

If you take this result and decrease the degree, you cannot get the initial state of the spline information will be lost by this operation. For our example decreasing the degree again leads to this:

Same B-spline where the degree was changed back from 4 to 3. Note that the knot multiplicity was increased.

You can see that now each segment has 2 control points and the knots are coincident with each a further control point. The knots have now C0 continuity so that the spline will get "edges" when you move a control point. So the information of a higher continuity is lost. (see this page to for an explanation of the continuity)

Usage

  1. Select an edge from an existing B-spline, and press Increase B-spline degree.