PySide : Exemples pour débutants

Introduction

Le but de cette page est de couvrir les exemples de niveau débutant du gestionnaire de l'interface graphique utilisateur PySide (voir ensuite les pages Medium PySide Examples et Advanced PySide Examples).

Les nouveaux arrivants à la programmation GUI peuvent trébucher sur le mot "widget". Sa signification en dehors de l'informatique est généralement donnée comme

"un petit gadget ou dispositif mécanique, en particulier celui dont le nom est inconnu ou non spécifié"

Pour les gestionnaires d'interfaces graphique tel que PySide, le terme «widget» est le plus souvent utilisé pour désigner les éléments visibles de l'interface graphique - fenêtres, boîtes de dialogue et fonctions d'entrée / sortie. Tous les éléments visibles de PySide sont appelés widgets, et, pour ceux qui sont intéressés, ils descendent tous d'une classe parente commune, QWidget. En plus des éléments visibles, PySide propose également des widgets pour la mise en réseau, XML, multimédia et l'intégration de bases de données.

A widget that is not embedded in a parent widget is called a window and usually windows have a frame and a title bar. The most common types of windows are the "main window" (from the Class QMainWindow) and the various subclasses of the dialog (from the Class QDialog). One big difference is that QDialog is modal (i.e. the user can not do anything outside of the Dialog window while it is open) and the QMainWindow is non-modal which allows the user to interact with other windows in parallel.

This guide is a shortcut list for getting a PySide program working quickly under FreeCAD, it isn't intended to teach Python or PySide. Some sites that do that are:

PySide tutorial at zetcode.com
PySide/PyQt Tutorial at PythonCentral.io
PySide 1.0.7 Reference at Srinikom.github.io (note this is a reference, not a tutorial)

Import Statement

PySide is not loaded with Python by default, it must be requested prior to using it. The following command:

from PySide import QtGui, QtCore

causes the 2 parts of PySide to be loaded - QtGui holds classes for managing the Graphic User Interface while QtCore contains classes that do not directly relate to management of the GUI (e.g. timers and geometry). Although it is possible to only import the one that is needed, generally they are both needed and both imported.

Note: the 'import' statement is not repeated in each code snippet below, it is assumed that it is already in the Python file.

Simplest Example

The simplest interaction with PySide is to present a message to the user which they can only accept:

reply = QtGui.QMessageBox.information(None,"","Houston, we have a problem")

Yes or No Query

The next most simple interaction is to ask for a yes/no answer:

reply = QtGui.QMessageBox.question(None, "", "This is your chance to answer, what do you think?",
         QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes | QtGui.QMessageBox.No, QtGui.QMessageBox.No)
if reply == QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes:
         # this is where the code relevant to a 'Yes' answer goes
         pass
if reply == QtGui.QMessageBox.No:
         # this is where the code relevant to a 'No' answer goes
         pass

Enter Text Query

The next code snippet asks the user for a piece of text - note this can be any key on the keyboard really:

reply = QtGui.QInputDialog.getText(None, "Ouija Central","Enter your thoughts for the day:")
if reply[1]:
	# user clicked OK
	replyText = reply[0]
else:
	# user clicked Cancel
	replyText = reply[0] # which will be "" if they clicked Cancel

Remember that even if the user enters only digits, "1234" for example, they are strings and must be converted to number representation with either of the following:

anInteger = int(userInput) # to convert to an integer from a string representation

aFloat = float(userInput) # to convert to a float from a string representation

More Than 2 Buttons

The final Beginner Level example is of how to build a dialog with an arbitrary number of buttons. This example is programmatically too complex to be invoked from a single Python statement so in some ways it should be on the next page which is PySide Medium examples. But on the other hand this is often all that is needed without getting into complex GUI definitions, so the code is placed at the end of the page of this Beginner PySide page rather than the beginning of the following Medium PySide page.

from PySide import QtGui, QtCore

class MyButtons(QtGui.QDialog):
	""""""
	def __init__(self):
		super(MyButtons, self).__init__()
		self.initUI()
	def initUI(self):      
		option1Button = QtGui.QPushButton("Option 1")
		option1Button.clicked.connect(self.onOption1)
		option2Button = QtGui.QPushButton("Option 2")
		option2Button.clicked.connect(self.onOption2)
		option3Button = QtGui.QPushButton("Option 3")
		option3Button.clicked.connect(self.onOption3)
		option4Button = QtGui.QPushButton("Option 4")
		option4Button.clicked.connect(self.onOption4)
		option5Button = QtGui.QPushButton("Option 5")
		option5Button.clicked.connect(self.onOption5)
		#
		buttonBox = QtGui.QDialogButtonBox()
		buttonBox = QtGui.QDialogButtonBox(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
		buttonBox.addButton(option1Button, QtGui.QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole)
		buttonBox.addButton(option2Button, QtGui.QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole)
		buttonBox.addButton(option3Button, QtGui.QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole)
		buttonBox.addButton(option4Button, QtGui.QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole)
		buttonBox.addButton(option5Button, QtGui.QDialogButtonBox.ActionRole)
		#
		mainLayout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
		mainLayout.addWidget(buttonBox)
		self.setLayout(mainLayout)
		# define window		xLoc,yLoc,xDim,yDim
		self.setGeometry(	250, 250, 0, 50)
		self.setWindowTitle("Pick a Button")
		self.setWindowFlags(QtCore.Qt.WindowStaysOnTopHint)
	def onOption1(self):
		self.retStatus = 1
		self.close()
	def onOption2(self):
		self.retStatus = 2
		self.close()
	def onOption3(self):
		self.retStatus = 3
		self.close()
	def onOption4(self):
		self.retStatus = 4
		self.close()
	def onOption5(self):
		self.retStatus = 5
		self.close()

def routine1():
	print 'routine 1'

form = MyButtons()
form.exec_()
if form.retStatus==1:
	routine1()
elif form.retStatus==2:
	routine2()
elif form.retStatus==3:
	routine3()
elif form.retStatus==4:
	routine4()
elif form.retStatus==5:
	routine5()

Each piece of code under test would be in a function with the name 'routine1()', 'routine2()', etc. As many buttons as you can fit on the screen may be used. Follow the patterns in the code sample and add extra buttons as needed - the Dialog box will set it's width accordingly, up to the width of the screen.

There is a line of code:

buttonBox = QtGui.QDialogButtonBox(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)

which causes the buttons to be in a horizontal line. To put them into a vertical line, change the line of code to read:

buttonBox = QtGui.QDialogButtonBox(QtCore.Qt.Vertical)

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