Part Module/zh-tw: Difference between revisions

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{{docnav|[[OpenSCAD Module|OpenSCAD Module]]|[[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]]|IconL=OpenSCADWorkbench.svg|IconR=Workbench_PartDesign.svg}}


{{Docnav
[[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|64px]]
|[[OpenSCAD_Workbench|OpenSCAD Workbench]]
|[[PartDesign_Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]]
|IconL=Workbench_OpenSCAD.svg
|IconR=Workbench_PartDesign.svg
}}

[[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|thumb|128px|Part workbench icon]]

{{TOCright}}

== Introduction ==


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FreeCAD 的電腦輔助設計功能建構於 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_CASCADE OpenCasCade] 核心。物件坊讓 FreeCAD 取用 OpenCasCade 物件與功能。OpenCasCade 是一專業級電腦輔助設計核心，善於空間幾何控制與物件。不同於 [[Mesh Module/zh-tw|網狀模組]] 物件，物體物件更加複雜，因此容許更多進階操作，例如一致布林操作、修改歷史和參數行為。
FreeCAD 的電腦輔助設計功能建構於 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_CASCADE OpenCasCade] 核心。物件坊讓 FreeCAD 取用 OpenCasCade 物件與功能。OpenCasCade 是一專業級電腦輔助設計核心，善於空間幾何控制與物件。不同於 [[Mesh Workbench/zh-tw|網狀模組]] 物件，物體物件更加複雜，因此容許更多進階操作，例如一致布林操作、修改歷史和參數行為。
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A more detailed discussion of Part workbench versus Part Design workbench can be found here: [[Part_and_PartDesign|Part and Part Design]].
The objects created with the Part Workbench are relatively simple; they are intended to be used with boolean operations (unions and cuts) in order to build more complex shapes. This modelling paradigm is known as the [[constructive solid geometry]] (CSG) workflow, and it was the traditional methodology used in early CAD systems. On the other hand, the [[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]] provides a more modern workflow to constructing shapes: it uses a parametrically defined sketch, that is extruded to form a basic solid body, which is then modified by parametric transformations ([[feature editing|feature editing]]), until the final object is obtained.


The objects created with the Part Workbench are relatively simple; they are intended to be used with boolean operations (unions and cuts) in order to build more complex shapes. '''This modeling paradigm is known as the [[Constructive_solid_geometry|constructive solid geometry]] (CSG) workflow, and it was the traditional methodology used in early CAD systems.''' On the other hand, the [[PartDesign_Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]] provides a more modern workflow to constructing shapes: it uses a parametrically defined sketch, that is extruded to form a basic solid body, which is then modified by parametric transformations ([[feature_editing|feature editing]]), until the final object is obtained.
Part objects are more complex than mesh objects created with the [[Mesh Workbench|Mesh Workbench]], as they permit more advanced operations like coherent boolean operations, modifications history, and parametric behaviour.


Part objects are more complex than mesh objects created with the [[Mesh_Workbench|Mesh Workbench]], as they permit more advanced operations like coherent boolean operations, modifications history, and parametric behaviour.
{{TOCright}}
[[Image:Part example.jpg]]


[[Image:Part_Workbench_relationships.svg|600px]]
[[Image:Part_Workbench_relationships.svg|600px]]


{{Caption|The Part Workbench is the basic layer that exposes the OCCT drawing functions to all workbenches in FreeCAD}}
{{Caption|The Part Workbench is the basic layer that exposes the OCCT drawing functions to all workbenches in FreeCAD.}}


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===Primitives===
===Primitives===
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These are tools for creating primitive objects.
These are tools for creating primitive objects.


* [[Image:Part_Box.png|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Draws a box by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Box.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Creates a box.

* [[Image:Part_Cylinder.png|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]: Draws a cylinder by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Sphere.png|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]]: Draws a sphere by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]: Creates a cylinder.

* [[Image:Part_Cone.png|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Draws a cone by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Torus.png|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Draws a torus (ring) by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Sphere.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]]: Creates a sphere.

* [[Image:Part_CreatePrimitives.png|32px]] [[Part_CreatePrimitives|CreatePrimitives]]: A tool to create various parametric geometric primitives
* [[Image:Part_Cone.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Creates a cone.
* [[Image:Part_Shapebuilder.png|32px]] [[Part_Shapebuilder|Shapebuilder]]: A tool to create more complex shapes from various parametric geometric primitives

* [[Image:Part_Torus.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Creates a torus.

* [[File:Part_Tube.svg|32px]] [[Part_Tube|Tube]]: Creates a tube. {{Version|0.19}}

* [[Image:Part_Primitives.svg|32px]] [[Part_Primitives|Create primitives...]]: A tool to create one of the following primitives:
**[[Image:Part_Plane.svg|32px]] [[Part_Plane|Plane]]: Creates a plane.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Box_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Creates a box. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Box.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]] tool.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Cylinder_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]: Creates a cylinder. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]] tool.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Cone_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Creates a cone. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Cone.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]] tool.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Sphere_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]]: Creates a sphere. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Sphere.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]] tool.
**[[Image:Part_Ellipsoid.svg|32px]] [[Part_Ellipsoid|Ellipsoid]]: Creates a ellipsoid.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Torus_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Creates a torus. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Torus.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]] tool.
**[[Image:Part_Prism.svg|32px]] [[Part_Prism|Prism]]: Creates a prism.
**[[Image:Part_Wedge.svg|32px]] [[Part_Wedge|Wedge]]: Creates a wedge.
**[[Image:Part_Helix.svg|32px]] [[Part_Helix|Helix]]: Creates a helix.
**[[Image:Part_Spiral.svg|32px]] [[Part_Spiral|Spiral]]: Creates a spiral.
**[[Image:Part_Circle.svg|32px]] [[Part_Circle|Circle]]: Creates a circular arc.
**[[Image:Part_Ellipse.svg|32px]] [[Part_Ellipse|Ellipse]]: Creates an elliptical arc.
**[[Image:Part_Point.svg|32px]] [[Part_Point|Point]]: Creates a point.
**[[Image:Part_Line.svg|32px]] [[Part_Line|Line]]: Creates a line.
**[[Image:Part_RegularPolygon.svg|32px]] [[Part_RegularPolygon|Regular polygon]]: Creates a regular polygon.

* [[Image:Part_Builder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Builder|Shape builder...]]: Creates shapes from various primitives.

=== Creation and modification ===

These are tools for creating new and modifying existing objects.

* [[Image:Part_Extrude.svg|32px]] [[Part_Extrude|Extrude]]: Extrudes planar faces.

* [[Image:Part_Revolve.svg|32px]] [[Part_Revolve|Revolve]]: Creates a solid by revolving an object (not a solid) around an axis.

* [[Image:Part_Mirror.svg|32px]] [[Part_Mirror|Mirror]]: Mirrors the selected object across a mirror plane.

* [[Image:Part_Fillet.svg|32px]] [[Part_Fillet|Fillet]]: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object.

* [[Image:Part_Chamfer.svg|32px]] [[Part_Chamfer|Chamfer]]: Chamfers edges of an object.

* [[File:Part_MakeFace.svg|32px]] [[Part_MakeFace|Make face from wires]]: Makes a face from a set of wires (contours). {{Version|0.19}}

* [[Image:Part_RuledSurface.svg|32px]] [[Part_RuledSurface|Ruled Surface]]: Creates a ruled surface.

* [[Image:Part_Loft.svg|32px]] [[Part_Loft|Loft]]: Lofts from one profile to another.


* [[Image:Part_Sweep.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sweep|Sweep]]: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path.
===Modifying objects===


* [[Image:Part_Section.svg|32px]] [[Part_Section|Section]]: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane.
These are tools for modifying existing objects. They will allow you to choose which object to modify.


* [[Image:Part_Extrude.png|32px]] [[Part_Extrude|Extrude]]: Extrudes planar faces of an object
* [[Image:Part_CrossSections.svg|32px]] [[Part_CrossSections|Cross sections...]]: Creates one or more cross-sections through an object.
* [[Image:Part_Revolve.png|32px]] [[Part_Revolve|Revolve]]: Creates a solid by revolving another object (not solid) around an axis
* [[Image:Part_Mirror.png|32px]] [[Part_Mirror|Mirror]]: Mirrors the selected object on a given mirror plane
* [[Image:Part_Fillet.png|32px]] [[Part_Fillet|Fillet]]: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object
* [[Image:Part_Chamfer.png|32px]] [[Part_Chamfer|Chamfer]]: Chamfers edges of an object
* [[Image:Part_RuledSurface.png|32px]] [[Part_RuledSurface|Ruled Surface]]:
* [[Image:Part_Loft.png|32px]] [[Part_Loft|Loft]]: Lofts from one profile to another
* [[Image:Part_Sweep.png|32px]] [[Part_Sweep|Sweep]]: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path


* [[Image:Part_CompOffsetTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompOffsetTools|Offset tools]]:
* [[Image:Part_CompOffsetTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompOffsetTools|Offset tools]]:
** [[Image:Part_Offset.png|32px]] [[Part_Offset|3D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel shape at a certain distance from original.
** [[Image:Part_Offset.svg|32px]] [[Part_Offset|3D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel shape at a certain distance from an original.
** [[Image:Part_Offset2D.png|32px]] [[Part_Offset2D|2D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel wire at certain distance from original, or enlarges/shrinks a planar face. {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part_Offset2D.svg|32px]] [[Part_Offset2D|2D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel wire at certain distance from an original, or enlarges/shrinks a planar face.


* [[Image:Part_Thickness.png|32px]] [[Part_Thickness|Thickness]]: Hollows out a solid, leaving openings next to select faces.
* [[Image:Part_Thickness.svg|32px]] [[Part_Thickness|Thickness]]: Hollows out a solid.


* [[Image:Part_ProjectionOnSurface.png|32px]] [[Part_ProjectionOnSurface|Projection on surface]]: Project a logo, text or any face,wire,edge to a surface. With the projection part it is possible to create a solid or wire. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[File:Part_ProjectionOnSurface.svg|32px]] [[Part_ProjectionOnSurface|Projection on surface]]: Projects a logo, text or any face, wire or edge onto a surface. {{Version|0.19}}

* [[Image:Part_EditAttachment.svg|32px]] [[Part_EditAttachment|Attachment]]: Attaches an object to another object.

=== Boolean ===

These tools perform boolean operations.


* [[Image:Part_CompCompoundTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompCompoundTools|Compound Tools]]:
* [[Image:Part_CompCompoundTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompCompoundTools|Compound Tools]]:
** [[Image:Part MakeCompound.png|32px]] [[Part MakeCompound|Make compound]]: Creates a compound from the selected objects.
** [[Image:Part_Compound.svg|32px]] [[Part_Compound|Make compound]]: Creates a compound from the selected objects.
** [[Image:Part_ExplodeCompound.svg|32px]] [[Part_ExplodeCompound|Explode Compound]]: Tool to split up compounds of shapes
** [[Image:Part_ExplodeCompound.svg|32px]] [[Part_ExplodeCompound|Explode Compound]]: Splits up compounds.
** [[Image:Part Compound‏‎Filter.png|32px]] [[Part Compound‏‎Filter|Compound Filter]]: The CompoundFilter can be used to extract the individual pieces.
** [[Image:Part Compound‏‎Filter.svg|32px]] [[Part_Compound‏‎Filter|Compound Filter]]: Extracts the individual pieces from compounds.

* [[Image:Part_Boolean.svg|32px]] [[Part_Boolean|Boolean]]: Performs boolean operations on objects.

* [[Image:Part_Cut.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another.


* [[Image:Part_Booleans.png|32px]] [[Part_Booleans|Booleans]]: Performs boolean operations on objects
* [[Image:Part_Fuse.svg|32px]] [[Part_Fuse|Fuse]]: Fuses (unions) two objects.
* [[Image:Part_Union.png|32px]] [[Part_Union|Union]]: Fuses (unions) two objects
* [[Image:Part_Common.png|32px]] [[Part_Common|Common]]: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects
* [[Image:Part_Cut.png|32px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another


* [[Image:Part_Common.svg|32px]] [[Part_Common|Common]]: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects.
* [[Image:Part_CompJoinFeatures.png|48px]] [[Part CompJoinFeatures|Join features]]: smart booleans for walled objects (e.g., pipes) {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part JoinConnect.png|32px]] [[Part_JoinConnect|Connect]]: Connects interiors of objects {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part JoinEmbed.png|32px]] [[Part_JoinEmbed|Embed]]: Embeds a walled object into another walled object {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part JoinCutout.png|32px]] [[Part_JoinCutout|Cutout]]: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object {{Version|0.16}}


* [[Image:Part_CompSplittingTools.png|48px]] [[Part CompSplittingTools|Splitting tools]]: {{Version|0.17}}
* [[Image:Part_CompJoinFeatures.png|48px]] [[Part CompJoinFeatures|Join features]]:
** [[Image:Part BooleanFragments.png|32px]] [[Part_BooleanFragments|Boolean fragments]]: makes all the pieces that can be obtained by Boolean operations between objects {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part_JoinConnect.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinConnect|Connect]]: Connects interiors of walled objects.
** [[Image:Part SliceApart.svg|32px]] [[Part_SliceApart|Slice a part]]: tool to split shapes by intersection with other shapes
** [[Image:Part_JoinEmbed.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinEmbed|Embed]]: Embeds a walled object into another walled object.
** [[Image:Part Slice.png|32px]] [[Part_Slice|Slice]]: Splits an object into pieces by intersections with another object {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part_JoinCutout.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinCutout|Cutout]]: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object.
** [[Image:Part XOR.png|32px]] [[Part_XOR|XOR]]: removes space shared by even number of objects (symmetric version of [[Part_Cut|Cut]]) {{Version|0.17}}


* [[Image:Part_CompSplittingTools.png|48px]] [[Part CompSplittingTools|Splitting tools]]:
* [[Image:Part Defeaturing.svg|32px]] [[Part_Defeaturing|Defeaturing]]: {{Version|0.18}}
* [[Image:Part_Section.png|32px]] [[Part_Section|Section]]: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane
** [[Image:Part_BooleanFragments.svg|32px]] [[Part_BooleanFragments|Boolean fragments]]: Creates all pieces obtained from Boolean operations.
** [[Image:Part SliceApart.svg|32px]] [[Part_SliceApart|Slice apart]]: Slices and splits an object by intersecting it with other objects.
* [[Image:Part_SectionCross.png|32px]] [[Part_SectionCross|Cross sections...]]:
* [[Image:Part Attachment.svg|32px]] [[Part Attachment|Attachment]]: attachment is a utility to attach an object to another one.
** [[Image:Part_Slice.svg|32px]] [[Part_Slice|Slice]]: Slices an object by intersecting it with other objects.
** [[Image:Part_XOR.svg|32px]] [[Part_XOR|XOR]]: Removes space shared by an even number of objects.


=== Measure ===
=== Measure ===


[[File:Std Measure Menu.png|64px]] [[Std Measure Menu|Measure]]: Allows linear and angular measurement between points, edges, and faces.
[[File:Part Measure Menu.png|64px]] [[Part Measure Menu|Measure]]: Tools for linear and angular measurements.


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Linear.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Linear|Measure Linear]] allows you to make linear measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Linear.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Linear|Measure Linear]]: Creates a linear measurement.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Angular.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Angular|Measure Angular]] allows you to make angular measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Refresh.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Refresh|Measure Refresh]] updates the measurements on screen.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Clear_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Clear_All|Clear All]] Clears all measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_All|Toggle All]] shows or hides all measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_3d.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_3d|Toggle 3D]] shows or hides 3D measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta|Toggle Delta]] shows or hides delta measurements.


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Angular.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Angular|Measure Angular]]: Creates an angular measurement.
===Other tools===


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Refresh.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Refresh|Measure Refresh]]: Updates all measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Import.svg|32px]] [[Part ImportCAD|Import]]: This tool allows you to add a file *.IGES, *.STEP, *.BREP to the current document.
* [[Image:Part_Export.svg|32px]] [[Part ExportCAD|Export]]: This tool allows you to export a part object in a *.IGES, *.STEP, *.BREP file.
* [[File:Part_BoxSelection.svg|32px]] [[Part_BoxSelection|BoxSelection]]: add to the selection the faces of the shapes that are touches by the rectangular selection. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[Image:Part_ShapeFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part ShapeFromMesh|Shape from Mesh]]: Creates a shape object from a mesh object.
* [[File:Part_PointsFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part PointsFromMesh|Points from mesh]]: creates a shape object made of points from the mesh. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[Part_ConvertToSolid|Convert to solid]]: Converts a shape object to a solid object.
* [[Part_ReverseShapes|Reverse shapes]]: Flips the normals of all faces of the selected object.


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Clear_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Clear_All|Clear All]]: Clears all measurements.
* Create a copy:
** [[Image:Part_SimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] [[Part_SimpleCopy|Create simple copy]]: Creates a simple copy of the selected object.
** [[File:Part_TransformedCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_TransformedCopy|Create transformed copy]]: creates a transformed copy of the selected object. {{Version|0.19}}
** [[File:Part_ElementCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_ElementCopy|Create shape element copy]]: creates a copy from an element (vertex, edge, face) of the selected object. {{Version|0.19}}
** [[Image:Part_RefineShape.svg|32px]] [[Part_RefineShape|Refine shape]]: Cleans faces by removing unnecessary lines.


* [[Image:Part_CheckGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Part CheckGeometry|Check geometry]]: Checks the geometry of selected objects for errors.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_All|Toggle All]]: Shows or hides all measurements.


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_3d.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_3d|Toggle 3D]]: Shows or hides 3D measurements.
== Preferences ==


* [[Image:Preferences-import-export.svg|32px]] [[Import_Export_Preference|Preference ...]] Import Export
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta|Toggle Delta]]: Shows or hides delta measurements.


== OCCT geometric concepts ==
=== Other tools ===


* [[File:Part_Import.svg|32px]] [[Part_Import|Import]]: Imports from *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.
In OpenCascade terminology, we distinguish between geometric primitives and topological shapes. A geometric primitive can be a point, a line, a circle, a plane, etc. or even some more complex types like a B-Spline curve or a surface. A shape can be a vertex, an edge, a wire, a face, a solid or a compound of other shapes. The geometric primitives are not made to be directly displayed on the 3D scene, but rather to be used as building geometry for shapes. For example, an edge can be constructed from a line or from a portion of a circle.


* [[File:Part_Export.svg|32px]] [[Part_Export|Export]]: Exports to *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.
In summary, geometry primitives are "shapeless" building blocks, while topological shapes are the real objects built on them.


* [[File:Part_BoxSelection.svg|32px]] [[Part_BoxSelection|Box selection]]: Selects faces from a rectangular area.
A complete list of all primitives and shapes refer to the [http://www.opencascade.org/org/doc/ OCC documentation] (Alternative: [http://opencascade.sourcearchive.com/documentation/6.3.0.dfsg.1-1/classes.html sourcearchive.com]) and search for '''Geom_*''' (for geometric primitives) and '''TopoDS_*''' (for shapes). There you can also read more about the differences between them. Please note that the official OCC documentation is not available online (you must download an archive) and is mostly aimed at programmers, not at end-users. But hopefully you'll find enough information to get started here.


* [[File:Part_ShapeFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part_ShapeFromMesh|Shape from Mesh]]: Creates a shape object from a mesh object.
The geometric types actually can be divided into two major groups: curves and surfaces. Out of the curves (line, circle, ...) you can directly build an edge, out of the surfaces (plane, cylinder, ...) a face can be built. For example, the geometric primitive line is unlimited, i.e. it is defined by a base vector and a direction vector while its shape representation must be something limited by a start and end point. And a box -- a solid -- can be created by six limited planes.


* [[File:Part_PointsFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part_PointsFromMesh|Points from mesh]]: Creates a shape object made of points from a mesh object. {{Version|0.19}}
From an edge or face you can also go back to its geometric primitive counterpart.


* [[File:Part_MakeSolid.svg|32px]] [[Part_MakeSolid|Convert to solid]]: Converts a shape object to a solid object.
Thus, out of shapes you can build very complex parts or, the other way round, extract all sub-shapes a more complex shape is made of.


* [[File:Part_ReverseShapes.svg|32px]] [[Part_ReverseShapes|Reverse shapes]]: Flips the normals of all faces of selected objects.
== Scripting ==


* Create a copy:
{{Emphasis|See also:}} [[Part scripting|Part scripting]]
** [[File:Part_SimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] [[Part_SimpleCopy|Create simple copy]]: Creates a simple copy of a selected object.
** [[File:Part_TransformedCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_TransformedCopy|Create transformed copy]]: Creates a transformed copy of a selected object. {{Version|0.19}}
** [[File:Part_ElementCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_ElementCopy|Create shape element copy]]: Creates a copy from an element (vertex, edge, face) of a selected object. {{Version|0.19}}
** [[Image:Part_RefineShape.svg|32px]] [[Part_RefineShape|Refine shape]]: Cleans faces by removing unnecessary lines.


* [[File:Part_CheckGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Part_CheckGeometry|Check geometry]]: Checks the geometry of selected objects for errors.
The main data structure used in the Part module is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_representation BRep] data type from OpenCascade.
Almost all contents and object types of the Part module are available by [[Python|Python]] scripting. This includes geometric primitives, such as Line and Circle (or Arc), and the whole range of TopoShapes, like Vertexes, Edges, Wires, Faces, Solids and Compounds. For each of those objects, several creation methods exist, and for some of them, especially the TopoShapes, advanced operations like boolean union/difference/intersection are also available. Explore the contents of the Part module, as described in the [[FreeCAD Scripting Basics|FreeCAD Scripting Basics]] page, to know more.


* [[Image:Part Defeaturing.svg|32px]] [[Part_Defeaturing|Defeaturing]]: Removes features from an object.
The most basic object that can be created is a [[Part Feature|Part Feature]], which has a simple {{PropertyData|Placement}} property, and basic properties to define its color and appearance.


=== Context menu items ===
例子


* [[File:Std_SetAppearance.svg|32px]] [[Std_SetAppearance|Appearance]]: Determines the appearance of a whole object (color, transparency etc.).
To create a line element switch to the Python console and type in:
{{Code|code=
import Part,PartGui
doc=App.newDocument()
l=Part.LineSegment()
l.StartPoint=(0.0,0.0,0.0)
l.EndPoint=(1.0,1.0,1.0)
doc.addObject("Part::Feature","Line").Shape=l.toShape()
doc.recompute()
}}
Let's go through the above python example step by step:
{{Code|code=
import Part,PartGui
doc=App.newDocument()
}}
載入零件坊並建立新檔案
{{Code|code=
l=Part.LineSegment()
l.StartPoint=(0.0,0.0,0.0)
l.EndPoint=(1.0,1.0,1.0)
}}
Line is actually a line segment, hence the start and endpoint.
{{Code|code=
doc.addObject("Part::Feature","Line").Shape=l.toShape()
}}
This adds a Part object type to the document and assigns the shape representation of the line segment to the 'Shape' property of the added object. It is important to understand here that we used a geometric primitive (the Part.LineSegment) to create a TopoShape out of it (the toShape() method). Only Shapes can be added to the document. In FreeCAD, geometry primitives are used as "building structures" for Shapes.
{{Code|code=
doc.recompute()
}}
Updates the document. This also prepares the visual representation of the new part object.


* [[File:Part_FaceColors.svg|32px]] [[Part_FaceColors|Set colors]]: Assigns colors to individual faces of objects.
Note that a Line Segment can be created by specifying its start and endpoint directly in the constructor, for example Part.LineSegment(point1,point2), or we can create a default line and set its properties afterwards, as we did here.


== Preferences ==
A circle can be created in a similar way:
{{Code|code=
import Part
doc = App.activeDocument()
c = Part.Circle()
c.Radius=10.0
f = doc.addObject("Part::Feature", "Circle")
f.Shape = c.toShape()
doc.recompute()
}}
Note again, we used the circle (geometry primitive) to construct a shape out of it. We can of course still access our construction geometry afterwards, by doing:
{{Code|code=
s = f.Shape
e = s.Edges[0]
c = e.Curve
}}
Here we take the shape of our object f, then we take its list of edges. In this case there will be only one because we made the whole shape out of a single circle, so we take only the first item of the Edges list, and we takes its curve. Every Edge has a Curve, which is the geometry primitive it is based on.


<!--The PartDesign preferences are defined in the Part workbench and both the PartDesign workbench and the Part workbench use them-->
Head to the [[Topological data scripting|Topological data scripting]] page if you would like to know more.
* [[Image:Preferences-part_design.svg|32px]] [[PartDesign_Preferences|Preferences]]: Preferences available for Part Tools (the Part workbench also uses the PartDesign Preferences).
* [[Image:Preferences-import-export.svg|32px]] [[Import_Export_Preferences|Import Export Preferences]]: Preferences available for importing from and exporting to different file formats.
* [[Fine-tuning]]: Some extra parameters to fine-tune Part behavior.

== Scripting ==

See [[Part scripting|Part scripting]].


== Tutorials ==
== Tutorials ==

* [[Import_from_STL_or_OBJ|Import from STL or OBJ]] : How to import STL/OBJ files in FreeCAD
* [[Import_from_STL_or_OBJ|Import from STL or OBJ]] : How to import STL/OBJ files in FreeCAD
* [[Export_to_STL_or_OBJ|Export to STL or OBJ]] : How to export STL/OBJ files from FreeCAD
* [[Export_to_STL_or_OBJ|Export to STL or OBJ]] : How to export STL/OBJ files from FreeCAD
* [[Whiffle_Ball_tutorial|Whiffle Ball tutorial]] : How to use the Part Module
* [[Whiffle_Ball_tutorial|Whiffle Ball tutorial]] : How to use the Part Module



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Revision as of 08:55, 12 May 2022

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Part workbench icon

Introduction

FreeCAD 的電腦輔助設計功能建構於 OpenCasCade 核心。物件坊讓 FreeCAD 取用 OpenCasCade 物件與功能。OpenCasCade 是一專業級電腦輔助設計核心，善於空間幾何控制與物件。不同於 網狀模組 物件，物體物件更加複雜，因此容許更多進階操作，例如一致布林操作、修改歷史和參數行為。

A more detailed discussion of Part workbench versus Part Design workbench can be found here: Part and Part Design.

The objects created with the Part Workbench are relatively simple; they are intended to be used with boolean operations (unions and cuts) in order to build more complex shapes. This modeling paradigm is known as the constructive solid geometry (CSG) workflow, and it was the traditional methodology used in early CAD systems. On the other hand, the PartDesign Workbench provides a more modern workflow to constructing shapes: it uses a parametrically defined sketch, that is extruded to form a basic solid body, which is then modified by parametric transformations (feature editing), until the final object is obtained.

Part objects are more complex than mesh objects created with the Mesh Workbench, as they permit more advanced operations like coherent boolean operations, modifications history, and parametric behaviour.

The Part Workbench is the basic layer that exposes the OCCT drawing functions to all workbenches in FreeCAD.

工具

所有零件坊工具皆置於物件選單，載入物件坊時顯示。

Primitives

These are tools for creating primitive objects.

  • Box: Creates a box.
  • Cone: Creates a cone.
  • Create primitives...: A tool to create one of the following primitives:
    • Plane: Creates a plane.
    • Box: Creates a box. This object can also be created with the Box tool.
    • Cylinder: Creates a cylinder. This object can also be created with the Cylinder tool.
    • Cone: Creates a cone. This object can also be created with the Cone tool.
    • Sphere: Creates a sphere. This object can also be created with the Sphere tool.
    • Ellipsoid: Creates a ellipsoid.
    • Torus: Creates a torus. This object can also be created with the Torus tool.
    • Prism: Creates a prism.
    • Wedge: Creates a wedge.
    • Helix: Creates a helix.
    • Spiral: Creates a spiral.
    • Circle: Creates a circular arc.
    • Ellipse: Creates an elliptical arc.
    • Point: Creates a point.
    • Line: Creates a line.
    • Regular polygon: Creates a regular polygon.

Creation and modification

These are tools for creating new and modifying existing objects.

  • Revolve: Creates a solid by revolving an object (not a solid) around an axis.
  • Mirror: Mirrors the selected object across a mirror plane.
  • Fillet: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object.
  • Chamfer: Chamfers edges of an object.
  • Loft: Lofts from one profile to another.
  • Sweep: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path.
  • Section: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane.
  • Offset tools:
    • 3D Offset: Constructs a parallel shape at a certain distance from an original.
    • 2D Offset: Constructs a parallel wire at certain distance from an original, or enlarges/shrinks a planar face.
  • Attachment: Attaches an object to another object.

Boolean

These tools perform boolean operations.

  • Boolean: Performs boolean operations on objects.
  • Cut: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another.
  • Fuse: Fuses (unions) two objects.
  • Common: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects.
  • Join features:
    • Connect: Connects interiors of walled objects.
    • Embed: Embeds a walled object into another walled object.
    • Cutout: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object.
  • Splitting tools:
    • Boolean fragments: Creates all pieces obtained from Boolean operations.
    • Slice apart: Slices and splits an object by intersecting it with other objects.
    • Slice: Slices an object by intersecting it with other objects.
    • XOR: Removes space shared by an even number of objects.

Measure

File:Part Measure Menu.png Measure: Tools for linear and angular measurements.

Other tools

  • Import: Imports from *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.
  • Export: Exports to *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.

Context menu items

  • Appearance: Determines the appearance of a whole object (color, transparency etc.).
  • Set colors: Assigns colors to individual faces of objects.

Preferences

  • Preferences: Preferences available for Part Tools (the Part workbench also uses the PartDesign Preferences).
  • Import Export Preferences: Preferences available for importing from and exporting to different file formats.
  • Fine-tuning: Some extra parameters to fine-tune Part behavior.

Scripting

See Part scripting.

Tutorials


User documentation
Part
User documentation
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