零件模块

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OpenSCAD Workbench

PartDesign Workbench

Index

Introduction

简介

FreeCAD的实体建模能力都是基于 Open Cascade Technology (OCCT)内核——一种具有创建与处理高级3D几何体等特性的专业级CAD系统。零件工作台（Part Workbench）是一种建立于OCCT库之上的层级，为用户提供了访问OCCT几何图元与函数的功能。每种工作台(如底图工作台, 草图工作台, 零件设计工作台等等)的一切2D与3D绘制功能其实都是基于零件工作台暴露出的函数实现的。因此，可以认为零件工作台是FreeCAD建模功能的核心组件。

A more detailed discussion of Part workbench versus Part Design workbench can be found here: Part and Part Design.

以零件工作台创建的对象相对简单；为了构建更为复杂的几何图形，可以为之运用布尔运算(并集与减运算)。此建模范式就是尽人皆知的构造实体几何 (CSG) 工作流程，它是早期CAD系统中所用的传统方法。另一方面，零件设计工作台（PartDesign Workbench）还提供了更为现代的工作流程来构建几何图形：它利用参数化方式来定义草图，再将其挤压成型为基本的实体对象，最后通过参数化变换(特征编辑)来修改模型，直到用户获取预期的最终模型为止。

零件对象比网格工作台（Mesh Workbench）创建的网格对象更为复杂，因为用户可以对前者执行更为高级的操作，如连续的布尔运算、修改历史与参数化处理。

零件工作台是最基础的层级，它为FreeCAD中的其他工作台暴露出OCCT的各种绘制函数

工具

这些工具皆位于Part菜单。

图元

以下这些工具用于创建图元对象。

Box: 根据指定的规格绘制一个立方体
Cylinder: 根据指定的规格绘制一个圆柱体
Sphere: 根据指定的规格绘制一个球体
Cone: 根据指定的规格绘制一个圆锥体
Torus: 根据指定的规格绘制一个环面（torus）（圆环 (ring)）
CreatePrimitives: 一种用于创建各类参数化几何图元的工具
Shapebuilder: 一种利用各种参数化几何图元创建更加复杂几何图形的工具

Cylinder: Creates a cylinder.

Sphere: Creates a sphere.

Cone: Creates a cone.

Torus: Creates a torus.

Tube: Creates a tube.

Create primitives...: A tool to create one of the following primitives:
- Plane: Creates a plane.
- Box: Creates a box. This object can also be created with the Box tool.
- Cylinder: Creates a cylinder. This object can also be created with the Cylinder tool.
- Cone: Creates a cone. This object can also be created with the Cone tool.
- Sphere: Creates a sphere. This object can also be created with the Sphere tool.
- Ellipsoid: Creates a ellipsoid.
- Torus: Creates a torus. This object can also be created with the Torus tool.
- Prism: Creates a prism.
- Wedge: Creates a wedge.
- Helix: Creates a helix.
- Spiral: Creates a spiral.
- Circle: Creates a circular arc.
- Ellipse: Creates an elliptical arc.
- Point: Creates a point.
- Line: Creates a line.
- Regular polygon: Creates a regular polygon.

Shape builder...: Creates shapes from various primitives.

修改对象

这些工具用于修改已存在的对象。通过它们即可选取待修改的对象。

Extrude: 将对象的平面端面挤压成型
Revolve: 通过令一（非实体）对象绕某轴旋转来创建另一个实体对象
Mirror: 根据指定的镜面对选中的对象进行镜像操作
Fillet: 为对象的边倒(圆)角
Chamfer: 为对象的边倒角
Ruled Surface:
Loft: 对轮廓进行放样操作（放样成另一种轮廓）
Sweep: 沿路径对一个或多个轮廓进行扫描

Revolve: Creates a solid by revolving an object (not a solid) around an axis.

Mirror: Mirrors the selected object across a mirror plane.

Scale: Scales one or more shapes. introduced in version 0.22

Fillet: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object.

Chamfer: Chamfers edges of an object.

Make face from wires: Makes a face from a set of wires (contours).

Ruled Surface: Creates a ruled surface.

Loft: Lofts from one profile to another.

Sweep: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path.

Section: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane.

Cross sections...: Creates one or more cross-sections through an object.

Offset tools:
- 3D Offset: 根据原始几何形状在特定的距离处构建一个平行的副本。
- 2D Offset: 根据原始连线在特定的距离处创建一个平行的副本，或者缩放一个平面端面。(v0.17)

Thickness: 镂空一个实体，在选中的面上留下开口。

Projection on surface: 向表面上投影logo、文本或任意表面、连线、边。可以为投影部分创建一个示例或连线。(v0.19)

Attachment: Attaches an object to another object.

Boolean

These tools perform boolean operations.

Compound Tools:
- Make compound: Creates a compound from the selected objects.
- Explode Compound: Splits up compounds.
- Compound Filter: Extracts the individual pieces from compounds.

Boolean: 在对象上执行布尔运算

Cut: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another.

Fuse: Fuses (unions) two or more objects.

Common: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects.

Join features:
- Connect: Connects interiors of walled objects.
- Embed: Embeds a walled object into another walled object.
- Cutout: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object.

Splitting tools:
- Boolean fragments: Creates all pieces obtained from Boolean operations.
- Slice apart: Slices and splits an object by intersecting it with other objects.
- Slice: Slices an object by intersecting it with other objects.
- XOR: Removes space shared by an even number of objects.

Measure

Measure Linear: Creates a linear measurement.

Measure Angular: Creates an angular measurement.

Measure Refresh: Updates all measurements.

Clear All: Clears all measurements.

Toggle All: Shows or hides all measurements.

Toggle 3D: Shows or hides 3D measurements.

Toggle Delta: Shows or hides delta measurements.

其他工具

Import: 您可利用此工具为当前文档添加*.IGES、*.STEP、*.BREP文档。

Export: Exports to *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.

Box selection: Selects faces from a rectangular area.

Create shape from mesh: Creates a shape object from a mesh object.

Create points object from geometry: Creates a points object from a geometric object.

Convert to solid: Converts a shape object to a solid object.

Reverse shapes: Flips the normals of all faces of selected objects.

Create a copy:
- Create simple copy: Creates a simple copy of a selected object.
- Create transformed copy: Creates a transformed copy of a selected object.
- Create shape element copy: Creates a copy from an element (vertex, edge, face) of a selected object.
- Refine shape: Cleans faces by removing unnecessary lines.