Part Module/cs: Difference between revisions

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{{docnav|[[OpenSCAD Module|OpenSCAD Module]]|[[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]]|IconL=OpenSCADWorkbench.svg|IconR=Workbench_PartDesign.svg}}


{{Docnav
[[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|64px]]
|[[OpenSCAD_Workbench|OpenSCAD Workbench]]
|[[PartDesign_Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]]
|IconL=Workbench_OpenSCAD.svg
|IconR=Workbench_PartDesign.svg
}}

[[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|thumb|128px|Part workbench icon]]

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== Introduction ==


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CAD možnosti FreeCADu jsou založeny na jádře [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_CASCADE OpenCasCade]. Modul Díl umožňuje FreeCADu přístup a používání objektů a funkcí OpenCasCade. OpenCascade je profesionální CAD jádro, jehož vlastnosti umožňují pokročilou manipulaci s 3D konstrukcemi a objekty. Objekty Díl, narozdíl od objektů [[Mesh Module/cs|Modulu Síť]], jsou mnohem komplexnější a proto umožňují mnohem dokonalejší operace, jako jsou logické boolean operace, modifikace historie a parametrické chování.
CAD možnosti FreeCADu jsou založeny na jádře [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_CASCADE OpenCasCade]. Modul Díl umožňuje FreeCADu přístup a používání objektů a funkcí OpenCasCade. OpenCascade je profesionální CAD jádro, jehož vlastnosti umožňují pokročilou manipulaci s 3D konstrukcemi a objekty. Objekty Díl, narozdíl od objektů [[Mesh_Workbench/cs|Modulu Síť]], jsou mnohem komplexnější a proto umožňují mnohem dokonalejší operace, jako jsou logické boolean operace, modifikace historie a parametrické chování.
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A more detailed discussion of Part workbench versus Part Design workbench can be found here: [[Part_and_PartDesign|Part and Part Design]].
The objects created with the Part Workbench are relatively simple; they are intended to be used with boolean operations (unions and cuts) in order to build more complex shapes. This modelling paradigm is known as the [[constructive solid geometry]] (CSG) workflow, and it was the traditional methodology used in early CAD systems. On the other hand, the [[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]] provides a more modern workflow to constructing shapes: it uses a parametrically defined sketch, that is extruded to form a basic solid body, which is then modified by parametric transformations ([[feature editing|feature editing]]), until the final object is obtained.


The objects created with the Part Workbench are relatively simple; they are intended to be used with boolean operations (unions and cuts) in order to build more complex shapes. '''This modeling paradigm is known as the [[Constructive_solid_geometry|constructive solid geometry]] (CSG) workflow, and it was the traditional methodology used in early CAD systems.''' On the other hand, the [[PartDesign_Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]] provides a more modern workflow to constructing shapes: it uses a parametrically defined sketch, that is extruded to form a basic solid body, which is then modified by parametric transformations ([[feature_editing|feature editing]]), until the final object is obtained.
Part objects are more complex than mesh objects created with the [[Mesh Workbench|Mesh Workbench]], as they permit more advanced operations like coherent boolean operations, modifications history, and parametric behaviour.


Part objects are more complex than mesh objects created with the [[Mesh_Workbench|Mesh Workbench]], as they permit more advanced operations like coherent boolean operations, modifications history, and parametric behaviour.
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[[Image:Part example.jpg]]


[[Image:Part_Workbench_relationships.svg|600px]]
[[Image:Part_Workbench_relationships.svg|600px]]


{{Caption|The Part Workbench is the basic layer that exposes the OCCT drawing functions to all workbenches in FreeCAD}}
{{Caption|The Part Workbench is the basic layer that exposes the OCCT drawing functions to all workbenches in FreeCAD.}}


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=== Nástroje ===
=== Nástroje ===
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<span id="Primitives"></span>
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===Primitives===
===Primitives===
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These are tools for creating primitive objects.
These are tools for creating primitive objects.


* [[Image:Part_Box.png|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Draws a box by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Box.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Creates a box.
* [[Image:Part_Cylinder.png|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]: Draws a cylinder by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Sphere.png|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]]: Draws a sphere by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Cone.png|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Draws a cone by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Torus.png|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Draws a torus (ring) by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_CreatePrimitives.png|32px]] [[Part_CreatePrimitives|CreatePrimitives]]: A tool to create various parametric geometric primitives
* [[Image:Part_Shapebuilder.png|32px]] [[Part_Shapebuilder|Shapebuilder]]: A tool to create more complex shapes from various parametric geometric primitives


* [[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]: Creates a cylinder.
===Modifying objects===


* [[Image:Part_Sphere.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]]: Creates a sphere.
These are tools for modifying existing objects. They will allow you to choose which object to modify.


* [[Image:Part_Extrude.png|32px]] [[Part_Extrude|Extrude]]: Extrudes planar faces of an object
* [[Image:Part_Cone.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Creates a cone.

* [[Image:Part_Revolve.png|32px]] [[Part_Revolve|Revolve]]: Creates a solid by revolving another object (not solid) around an axis
* [[Image:Part_Mirror.png|32px]] [[Part_Mirror|Mirror]]: Mirrors the selected object on a given mirror plane
* [[Image:Part_Torus.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Creates a torus.

* [[Image:Part_Fillet.png|32px]] [[Part_Fillet|Fillet]]: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object
* [[Image:Part_Chamfer.png|32px]] [[Part_Chamfer|Chamfer]]: Chamfers edges of an object
* [[File:Part_Tube.svg|32px]] [[Part_Tube|Tube]]: Creates a tube.

* [[Image:Part_RuledSurface.png|32px]] [[Part_RuledSurface|Ruled Surface]]:
* [[Image:Part_Loft.png|32px]] [[Part_Loft|Loft]]: Lofts from one profile to another
* [[Image:Part_Primitives.svg|32px]] [[Part_Primitives|Create primitives...]]: A tool to create one of the following primitives:
* [[Image:Part_Sweep.png|32px]] [[Part_Sweep|Sweep]]: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path
**[[Image:Part_Plane.svg|32px]] [[Part_Plane|Plane]]: Creates a plane.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Box_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Creates a box. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Box.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]] tool.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Cylinder_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]: Creates a cylinder. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]] tool.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Cone_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Creates a cone. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Cone.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]] tool.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Sphere_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]]: Creates a sphere. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Sphere.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]] tool.
**[[Image:Part_Ellipsoid.svg|32px]] [[Part_Ellipsoid|Ellipsoid]]: Creates a ellipsoid.
**[[Image:Tree_Part_Torus_Parametric.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Creates a torus. This object can also be created with the [[Image:Part_Torus.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]] tool.
**[[Image:Part_Prism.svg|32px]] [[Part_Prism|Prism]]: Creates a prism.
**[[Image:Part_Wedge.svg|32px]] [[Part_Wedge|Wedge]]: Creates a wedge.
**[[Image:Part_Helix.svg|32px]] [[Part_Helix|Helix]]: Creates a helix.
**[[Image:Part_Spiral.svg|32px]] [[Part_Spiral|Spiral]]: Creates a spiral.
**[[Image:Part_Circle.svg|32px]] [[Part_Circle|Circle]]: Creates a circular arc.
**[[Image:Part_Ellipse.svg|32px]] [[Part_Ellipse|Ellipse]]: Creates an elliptical arc.
**[[Image:Part_Point.svg|32px]] [[Part_Point|Point]]: Creates a point.
**[[Image:Part_Line.svg|32px]] [[Part_Line|Line]]: Creates a line.
**[[Image:Part_RegularPolygon.svg|32px]] [[Part_RegularPolygon|Regular polygon]]: Creates a regular polygon.

* [[Image:Part_Builder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Builder|Shape builder...]]: Creates shapes from various primitives.

=== Creation and modification ===

These are tools for creating new and modifying existing objects.

* [[Image:Part_Extrude.svg|32px]] [[Part_Extrude|Extrude]]: Extrudes planar faces.

* [[Image:Part_Revolve.svg|32px]] [[Part_Revolve|Revolve]]: Creates a solid by revolving an object (not a solid) around an axis.

* [[Image:Part_Mirror.svg|32px]] [[Part_Mirror|Mirror]]: Mirrors the selected object across a mirror plane.

* [[Image:Part_Scale.svg|32px]] [[Part_Scale|Scale]]: Scales one or more shapes. {{Version|1.0}}

* [[Image:Part_Fillet.svg|32px]] [[Part_Fillet|Fillet]]: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object.

* [[Image:Part_Chamfer.svg|32px]] [[Part_Chamfer|Chamfer]]: Chamfers edges of an object.

* [[File:Part_MakeFace.svg|32px]] [[Part_MakeFace|Make face from wires]]: Makes a face from a set of wires (contours).

* [[Image:Part_RuledSurface.svg|32px]] [[Part_RuledSurface|Ruled Surface]]: Creates a ruled surface.

* [[Image:Part_Loft.svg|32px]] [[Part_Loft|Loft]]: Lofts from one profile to another.

* [[Image:Part_Sweep.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sweep|Sweep]]: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path.

* [[Image:Part_Section.svg|32px]] [[Part_Section|Section]]: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane.

* [[Image:Part_CrossSections.svg|32px]] [[Part_CrossSections|Cross sections...]]: Creates one or more cross-sections through an object.


* [[Image:Part_CompOffsetTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompOffsetTools|Offset tools]]:
* [[Image:Part_CompOffsetTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompOffsetTools|Offset tools]]:
** [[Image:Part_Offset.png|32px]] [[Part_Offset|3D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel shape at a certain distance from original.
** [[Image:Part_Offset.svg|32px]] [[Part_Offset|3D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel shape at a certain distance from an original.
** [[Image:Part_Offset2D.png|32px]] [[Part_Offset2D|2D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel wire at certain distance from original, or enlarges/shrinks a planar face. {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part_Offset2D.svg|32px]] [[Part_Offset2D|2D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel wire at certain distance from an original, or enlarges/shrinks a planar face.


* [[Image:Part_Thickness.png|32px]] [[Part_Thickness|Thickness]]: Hollows out a solid, leaving openings next to select faces.
* [[Image:Part_Thickness.svg|32px]] [[Part_Thickness|Thickness]]: Hollows out a solid.


* [[Image:Part_ProjectionOnSurface.png|32px]] [[Part_ProjectionOnSurface|Projection on surface]]: Project a logo, text or any face,wire,edge to a surface. With the projection part it is possible to create a solid or wire. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[File:Part_ProjectionOnSurface.svg|32px]] [[Part_ProjectionOnSurface|Projection on surface]]: Projects a logo, text or any face, wire or edge onto a surface.

* [[Image:Part_EditAttachment.svg|32px]] [[Part_EditAttachment|Attachment]]: Attaches an object to another object.

=== Boolean ===

These tools perform boolean operations.


* [[Image:Part_CompCompoundTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompCompoundTools|Compound Tools]]:
* [[Image:Part_CompCompoundTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompCompoundTools|Compound Tools]]:
** [[Image:Part MakeCompound.png|32px]] [[Part MakeCompound|Make compound]]: Creates a compound from the selected objects.
** [[Image:Part_Compound.svg|32px]] [[Part_Compound|Make compound]]: Creates a compound from the selected objects.
** [[Image:Part_ExplodeCompound.svg|32px]] [[Part_ExplodeCompound|Explode Compound]]: Tool to split up compounds of shapes
** [[Image:Part_ExplodeCompound.svg|32px]] [[Part_ExplodeCompound|Explode Compound]]: Splits up compounds.
** [[Image:Part Compound‏‎Filter.png|32px]] [[Part Compound‏‎Filter|Compound Filter]]: The CompoundFilter can be used to extract the individual pieces.
** [[Image:Part Compound‏‎Filter.svg|32px]] [[Part_Compound‏‎Filter|Compound Filter]]: Extracts the individual pieces from compounds.


* [[Image:Part_Booleans.png|32px]] [[Part_Booleans|Booleans]]: Performs boolean operations on objects
* [[Image:Part_Boolean.svg|32px]] [[Part_Boolean|Boolean]]: Performs boolean operations on objects.
* [[Image:Part_Union.png|32px]] [[Part_Union|Union]]: Fuses (unions) two objects
* [[Image:Part_Common.png|32px]] [[Part_Common|Common]]: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects
* [[Image:Part_Cut.png|32px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another


* [[Image:Part_Cut.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another.
* [[Image:Part_CompJoinFeatures.png|48px]] [[Part CompJoinFeatures|Join features]]: smart booleans for walled objects (e.g., pipes) {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part JoinConnect.png|32px]] [[Part_JoinConnect|Connect]]: Connects interiors of objects {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part JoinEmbed.png|32px]] [[Part_JoinEmbed|Embed]]: Embeds a walled object into another walled object {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part JoinCutout.png|32px]] [[Part_JoinCutout|Cutout]]: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object {{Version|0.16}}


* [[Image:Part_Fuse.svg|32px]] [[Part_Fuse|Fuse]]: Fuses (unions) two or more objects.
* [[Image:Part_CompSplittingTools.png|48px]] [[Part CompSplittingTools|Splitting tools]]: {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part BooleanFragments.png|32px]] [[Part_BooleanFragments|Boolean fragments]]: makes all the pieces that can be obtained by Boolean operations between objects {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part SliceApart.svg|32px]] [[Part_SliceApart|Slice a part]]: tool to split shapes by intersection with other shapes
** [[Image:Part Slice.png|32px]] [[Part_Slice|Slice]]: Splits an object into pieces by intersections with another object {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part XOR.png|32px]] [[Part_XOR|XOR]]: removes space shared by even number of objects (symmetric version of [[Part_Cut|Cut]]) {{Version|0.17}}


* [[Image:Part Defeaturing.svg|32px]] [[Part_Defeaturing|Defeaturing]]: {{Version|0.18}}
* [[Image:Part_Common.svg|32px]] [[Part_Common|Common]]: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects.
* [[Image:Part_Section.png|32px]] [[Part_Section|Section]]: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane
* [[Image:Part_SectionCross.png|32px]] [[Part_SectionCross|Cross sections...]]:
* [[Image:Part Attachment.svg|32px]] [[Part Attachment|Attachment]]: attachment is a utility to attach an object to another one.


* [[Image:Part_CompJoinFeatures.png|48px]] [[Part CompJoinFeatures|Join features]]:
=== Measure ===
** [[Image:Part_JoinConnect.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinConnect|Connect]]: Connects interiors of walled objects.
** [[Image:Part_JoinEmbed.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinEmbed|Embed]]: Embeds a walled object into another walled object.
** [[Image:Part_JoinCutout.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinCutout|Cutout]]: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object.


* [[Image:Part_CompSplittingTools.png|48px]] [[Part CompSplittingTools|Splitting tools]]:
[[File:Std Measure Menu.png|64px]] [[Std Measure Menu|Measure]]: Allows linear and angular measurement between points, edges, and faces.
** [[Image:Part_BooleanFragments.svg|32px]] [[Part_BooleanFragments|Boolean fragments]]: Creates all pieces obtained from Boolean operations.
** [[Image:Part SliceApart.svg|32px]] [[Part_SliceApart|Slice apart]]: Slices and splits an object by intersecting it with other objects.
** [[Image:Part_Slice.svg|32px]] [[Part_Slice|Slice]]: Slices an object by intersecting it with other objects.
** [[Image:Part_XOR.svg|32px]] [[Part_XOR|XOR]]: Removes space shared by an even number of objects.


=== Measure ===
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Linear.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Linear|Measure Linear]] allows you to make linear measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Angular.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Angular|Measure Angular]] allows you to make angular measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Refresh.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Refresh|Measure Refresh]] updates the measurements on screen.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Clear_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Clear_All|Clear All]] Clears all measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_All|Toggle All]] shows or hides all measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_3d.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_3d|Toggle 3D]] shows or hides 3D measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta|Toggle Delta]] shows or hides delta measurements.


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Linear.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Linear|Measure Linear]]: Creates a linear measurement.
===Other tools===


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Angular.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Angular|Measure Angular]]: Creates an angular measurement.
* [[Image:Part_Import.svg|32px]] [[Part Import|Import]]: This tool allows you to add a file *.IGES, *.STEP, *.BREP to the current document.
* [[Image:Part_Export.svg|32px]] [[Part Export|Export]]: This tool allows you to export a part object in a *.IGES, *.STEP, *.BREP file.
* [[File:Part_BoxSelection.svg|32px]] [[Part_BoxSelection|BoxSelection]]: add to the selection the faces of the shapes that are touches by the rectangular selection. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[Image:Part_ShapeFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part ShapeFromMesh|Shape from Mesh]]: Creates a shape object from a mesh object.
* [[File:Part_PointsFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part PointsFromMesh|Points from mesh]]: creates a shape object made of points from the mesh. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[Part_ConvertToSolid|Convert to solid]]: Converts a shape object to a solid object.
* [[Part_ReverseShapes|Reverse shapes]]: Flips the normals of all faces of the selected object.


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Refresh.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Refresh|Measure Refresh]]: Updates all measurements.
* Create a copy:
** [[Image:Part_SimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] [[Part_SimpleCopy|Create simple copy]]: Creates a simple copy of the selected object.
** [[File:Part_TransformedCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_TransformedCopy|Create transformed copy]]: creates a transformed copy of the selected object. {{Version|0.19}}
** [[File:Part_ElementCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_ElementCopy|Create shape element copy]]: creates a copy from an element (vertex, edge, face) of the selected object. {{Version|0.19}}
** [[Image:Part_RefineShape.svg|32px]] [[Part_RefineShape|Refine shape]]: Cleans faces by removing unnecessary lines.


* [[Image:Part_CheckGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Part CheckGeometry|Check geometry]]: Checks the geometry of selected objects for errors.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Clear_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Clear_All|Clear All]]: Clears all measurements.


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_All.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_All|Toggle All]]: Shows or hides all measurements.
== Preferences ==


* [[Image:Preferences-import-export.svg|32px]] [[Import_Export_Preference|Preference ...]] Import Export
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_3D.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_3D|Toggle 3D]]: Shows or hides 3D measurements.


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Toggle_Delta|Toggle Delta]]: Shows or hides delta measurements.
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=== Vysvětlení pojmů ===
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=== Other tools ===
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V terminologii OpenCasCade odlišujeme geometrické primitivy a (topologické) tvary. Geometrický primitiv může být bod, linka, kružnice, rovina atd. nebo i komplexnější typy jako je B-Spline (aproximační) křivka nebo plocha. Topologický tvar může být vrchol, hrana, drát, povrch, těleso nebo složenina z jiných tvarů. Geometrické primitivy nejsou určeny k přímému zobrazení ve 3D zobrazení, ale hlavně k použití jako stavební prvek pro 3D tvary. Například hrana může být zkonstruována z linky nebo z části kružnice.
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* [[File:Part_Import.svg|32px]] [[Part_Import|Import]]: Imports from *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.
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Souhrnně se dá říct, že geometrické primitivy jsou "beztvaré" stavební bloky. A tvary jsou prostorové konstrukce na prvcích vystavěné.
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* [[File:Part_Export.svg|32px]] [[Part_Export|Export]]: Exports to *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.
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Jejich kompletní seznam je na [http://www.opencascade.org/org/doc/ OCC documentation] (Alternativně: [http://opencascade.sourcearchive.com/documentation/6.3.0.dfsg.1-1/classes.html sourcearchive.com]) a hledání textů '''Geom_*''' (pro geometrické primitivy) a '''TopoDS_*''' (pro tvary). Můžete se tam také dočíst o rozdílech mezi geometrickými primitivy a tvary. Všimněte si také, prosím, že naneštěstí oficiální OCC dokumentace není dostupná online (musíte si stáhnout archiv) a je hlavně určena pro programátory a ne pro koncové uživatele. Ale pro začátek naštěstí najdete dost informací zde.
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* [[File:Part_BoxSelection.svg|32px]] [[Part_BoxSelection|Box selection]]: Selects faces from a rectangular area.
Geometrické typy mohou být rozděleny do dvou hlavních skupin: linky a povrchy. Nad linkami (přímka, kružnice,...) můžete přímo budovat hrany, na plochách (rovina, válec, ...) zase povrchy. Například základní přímka je nekonečná, tj. je definována základním vektorem a směrovým vektorem, zatímco jeho tvarová reprezentace musí být nějak omezena počátečním a koncovým bodem. A kvádr -- těleso -- může být vytvořeno šesti omezenými rovinami.


* [[File:Part_ShapeFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part_ShapeFromMesh|Create shape from mesh]]: Creates a shape object from a mesh object.
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Z hran nebo povrchů se můžete také vrátit k jeho původním geometrickým primitivům.
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* [[File:Part_PointsFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part_PointsFromMesh|Create points object from geometry]]: Creates a points object from a geometric object.
Tudíž, z tvarů můžete stavět velmi komplexní díly nebo opačně odebírat všechny poddíly pro vytváření ještě komplexnějších dílů.


* [[File:Part_MakeSolid.svg|32px]] [[Part_MakeSolid|Convert to solid]]: Converts a shape object to a solid object.
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==Skriptování==
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* [[File:Part_ReverseShape.svg|32px]] [[Part_ReverseShape|Reverse shapes]]: Flips the normals of all faces of selected objects.
{{Emphasis|See also:}} [[Part scripting|Part scripting]]


* Create a copy:
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** [[File:Part_SimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] [[Part_SimpleCopy|Create simple copy]]: Creates a simple copy of a selected object.
Hlavní datová struktura použitá v modulu Díl je datový typ
** [[File:Part_TransformedCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_TransformedCopy|Create transformed copy]]: Creates a transformed copy of a selected object.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_representation BRep] z OpenCascade.
** [[File:Part_ElementCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_ElementCopy|Create shape element copy]]: Creates a copy from an element (vertex, edge, face) of a selected object.
Téměř celý obsah a objektové typy modulu Díl jsou dostupné skriptování v Pythonu. Zahrnuje to geometrické primitivy, jako jsou Linky, Kružnice (nebo Úhly) a celá oblast TopoTvarů, jako jsou Vrcholy, Hrany, Dráty, Plochy, Tělesa a Složeniny. Pro každý z těchto objektů existuje několik metod pro jejich vytváření a pro některé z nich, zvláště pro TopoTvary, jsou dostupné rozšířené operace jako logické sjednocení/rozdíly/průniky. Projděte si obsah modulu Díl jak je popsán na stránce [[FreeCAD Scripting Basics]] abyste jej lépe pochopili.
** [[Image:Part_RefineShape.svg|32px]] [[Part_RefineShape|Refine shape]]: Cleans faces by removing unnecessary lines.
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* [[File:Part_CheckGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Part_CheckGeometry|Check geometry]]: Checks the geometry of selected objects for errors.
The most basic object that can be created is a [[Part Feature|Part Feature]], which has a simple {{PropertyData|Placement}} property, and basic properties to define its color and appearance.


* [[Image:Part Defeaturing.svg|32px]] [[Part_Defeaturing|Defeaturing]]: Removes features from an object.
Another simple object used in 2D geometrical objects is [[Part Part2DObject|Part Part2DObject]], which is the base of [[Sketcher Workbench|Sketches]], and most [[Draft Workbench|Draft elements]].


=== Příklady ===
=== Context menu items ===


* [[File:Std_SetAppearance.svg|32px]] [[Std_SetAppearance|Appearance]]: Determines the appearance of a whole object (color, transparency etc.).
Pro vytvoření přímkového elementu přepněte do konzoly Pythonu a zapište:
{{Code|code=
import Part,PartGui
doc=App.newDocument()
l=Part.LineSegment()
l.StartPoint=(0.0,0.0,0.0)
l.EndPoint=(1.0,1.0,1.0)
doc.addObject("Part::Feature","Line").Shape=l.toShape()
doc.recompute()
}}
Projděme si výše uvedený příklad v Pythonu krok po kroku:
{{Code|code=
import Part,PartGui
doc=App.newDocument()
}}
natáhne modul Díl (Part) a vytvoří nový dokument
{{Code|code=
l=Part.LineSegment()
l.StartPoint=(0.0,0.0,0.0)
l.EndPoint=(1.0,1.0,1.0)
}}
přímka je ve skutečnosti přímkový segment, proto má počáteční a koncový bod.
{{Code|code=
doc.addObject("Part::Feature","Line").Shape=l.toShape()
}}
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Přidá do dokumentu objektový typ Díl (Part) a přiřadí přidanému objektu reprezentaci tvaru přímkového segmentu do vlastnosti 'Tvar' (Shape). Zde je důležité pochopit, že jsme použili geometrický primitiv (Přímka - Part.Line) k vytvoření TopoTvaru ( metoda toShape() ). Do dokumentu mohou být přidávány pouze tvary. Ve FreeCADu jsou geometrické primitivy používány jako "stavební struktury" pro Tvary.
</div>
{{Code|code=
doc.recompute()
}}
Aktualizuje dokument. Také připravuje vizuální reprezentaci nového dílu.


* [[File:Part_ColorPerFace.svg|32px]] [[Part_ColorPerFace|Color per face]]: Assigns colors to individual faces of objects.
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Všimněte si také, že přímka může být vytvořena přímo zadáním jejího počátečního a koncového bodu v konstruktoru, např. Part.Line(point1,point2) nebo můžeme vytořit obecnou přímku a pak jí dodatečně přiřadit vlastnosti, jako jsme to udělali zde.
</div>


== Preferences ==
Kružnice může být vytvořena podobně:
{{Code|code=
import Part
doc = App.activeDocument()
c = Part.Circle()
c.Radius=10.0
f = doc.addObject("Part::Feature", "Circle")
f.Shape = c.toShape()
doc.recompute()
}}
Znovu si všimněte, že jsme použili kružnici (geometrický primitiv) ke konstrukci tvaru nad ní. Samozřejmě stále zůstává přístup ke geometrii konstrukce, zadáním:
{{Code|code=
s = f.Shape
e = s.Edges[0]
c = e.Curve
}}
Zde si vezmeme tvar(Shape) našeho objektu f, potom si z něho vezmeme seznam hran. V tomto případě to bude jen jedna hrana, protože celý tvar děláme z jedné kružnicem a proto si vezmeme ze seznamu pouze první hranu a z ní její přímku. Každá hrana má přímku, což je geometrický primitiv, na kterém je hrana založena.


<!--The PartDesign preferences are defined in the Part workbench and both the PartDesign workbench and the Part workbench use them-->
* [[Image:Preferences-part_design.svg|32px]] [[PartDesign_Preferences|Preferences]]: Preferences available for Part Tools (the Part workbench also uses the PartDesign Preferences).
* [[Image:Preferences-import-export.svg|32px]] [[Import_Export_Preferences|Import Export Preferences]]: Preferences available for importing from and exporting to different file formats.
* [[Fine-tuning]]: Some extra parameters to fine-tune Part behavior.

<span id="Scripting"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
==Skriptování==
Chcete-li vědět více jděte na stránku [[Topological data scripting]].
</div>
</div>

See [[Part scripting|Part scripting]].


== Tutorials ==
== Tutorials ==

* [[Import_from_STL_or_OBJ|Import from STL or OBJ]] : How to import STL/OBJ files in FreeCAD
* [[Import_from_STL_or_OBJ|Import from STL or OBJ]] : How to import STL/OBJ files in FreeCAD
* [[Export_to_STL_or_OBJ|Export to STL or OBJ]] : How to export STL/OBJ files from FreeCAD
* [[Export_to_STL_or_OBJ|Export to STL or OBJ]] : How to export STL/OBJ files from FreeCAD
* [[Whiffle_Ball_tutorial|Whiffle Ball tutorial]] : How to use the Part Module
* [[Whiffle_Ball_tutorial|Whiffle Ball tutorial]] : How to use the Part Module



<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
{{docnav/cs|[[Mesh_Workbench/cs|Pracovní plocha Sít]]|[[Drawing Module/cs|Modul Výkres]]}}
{{docnav/cs|[[Mesh_Workbench/cs|Pracovní plocha Sít]]|[[Drawing Workbench/cs|Modul Výkres]]}}
</div>
</div>


{{Part Tools navi{{#translation:}}}}
{{Userdocnavi}}
{{Userdocnavi{{#translation:}}}}
[[Category:Part]]
[[Category:Workbenches]]
[[Category:Workbenches{{#translation:}}]]

Latest revision as of 09:23, 21 April 2024

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Part workbench icon

Introduction

CAD možnosti FreeCADu jsou založeny na jádře OpenCasCade. Modul Díl umožňuje FreeCADu přístup a používání objektů a funkcí OpenCasCade. OpenCascade je profesionální CAD jádro, jehož vlastnosti umožňují pokročilou manipulaci s 3D konstrukcemi a objekty. Objekty Díl, narozdíl od objektů Modulu Síť, jsou mnohem komplexnější a proto umožňují mnohem dokonalejší operace, jako jsou logické boolean operace, modifikace historie a parametrické chování.

A more detailed discussion of Part workbench versus Part Design workbench can be found here: Part and Part Design.

The objects created with the Part Workbench are relatively simple; they are intended to be used with boolean operations (unions and cuts) in order to build more complex shapes. This modeling paradigm is known as the constructive solid geometry (CSG) workflow, and it was the traditional methodology used in early CAD systems. On the other hand, the PartDesign Workbench provides a more modern workflow to constructing shapes: it uses a parametrically defined sketch, that is extruded to form a basic solid body, which is then modified by parametric transformations (feature editing), until the final object is obtained.

Part objects are more complex than mesh objects created with the Mesh Workbench, as they permit more advanced operations like coherent boolean operations, modifications history, and parametric behaviour.

The Part Workbench is the basic layer that exposes the OCCT drawing functions to all workbenches in FreeCAD.

Nástroje

Nástroje modulu Díl jsou všechny umístěny v menu Díl, který se zobrazí když natáhnete modul Díl.

Primitives

These are tools for creating primitive objects.

  • Box: Creates a box.
  • Cone: Creates a cone.
  • Tube: Creates a tube.
  • Create primitives...: A tool to create one of the following primitives:
    • Plane: Creates a plane.
    • Box: Creates a box. This object can also be created with the Box tool.
    • Cylinder: Creates a cylinder. This object can also be created with the Cylinder tool.
    • Cone: Creates a cone. This object can also be created with the Cone tool.
    • Sphere: Creates a sphere. This object can also be created with the Sphere tool.
    • Ellipsoid: Creates a ellipsoid.
    • Torus: Creates a torus. This object can also be created with the Torus tool.
    • Prism: Creates a prism.
    • Wedge: Creates a wedge.
    • Helix: Creates a helix.
    • Spiral: Creates a spiral.
    • Circle: Creates a circular arc.
    • Ellipse: Creates an elliptical arc.
    • Point: Creates a point.
    • Line: Creates a line.
    • Regular polygon: Creates a regular polygon.

Creation and modification

These are tools for creating new and modifying existing objects.

  • Revolve: Creates a solid by revolving an object (not a solid) around an axis.
  • Mirror: Mirrors the selected object across a mirror plane.
  • Fillet: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object.
  • Chamfer: Chamfers edges of an object.
  • Loft: Lofts from one profile to another.
  • Sweep: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path.
  • Section: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane.
  • Offset tools:
    • 3D Offset: Constructs a parallel shape at a certain distance from an original.
    • 2D Offset: Constructs a parallel wire at certain distance from an original, or enlarges/shrinks a planar face.
  • Attachment: Attaches an object to another object.

Boolean

These tools perform boolean operations.

  • Boolean: Performs boolean operations on objects.
  • Cut: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another.
  • Fuse: Fuses (unions) two or more objects.
  • Common: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects.
  • Join features:
    • Connect: Connects interiors of walled objects.
    • Embed: Embeds a walled object into another walled object.
    • Cutout: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object.
  • Splitting tools:
    • Boolean fragments: Creates all pieces obtained from Boolean operations.
    • Slice apart: Slices and splits an object by intersecting it with other objects.
    • Slice: Slices an object by intersecting it with other objects.
    • XOR: Removes space shared by an even number of objects.

Measure

Other tools

  • Import: Imports from *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.
  • Export: Exports to *.IGES, *.STEP, or *.BREP files.

Context menu items

  • Appearance: Determines the appearance of a whole object (color, transparency etc.).

Preferences

  • Preferences: Preferences available for Part Tools (the Part workbench also uses the PartDesign Preferences).
  • Import Export Preferences: Preferences available for importing from and exporting to different file formats.
  • Fine-tuning: Some extra parameters to fine-tune Part behavior.

Skriptování

See Part scripting.

Tutorials


Part
User documentation
Retrieved from "http://wiki.freecad.org/index.php?title=Part_Module/cs&oldid=1401965"