Part Module/cs: Difference between revisions

From FreeCAD Documentation
(Updating to match new version of source page)
(Updating to match new version of source page)
(32 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<languages/>
<languages/>
{{Docnav
{{docnav|[[OpenSCAD Module|OpenSCAD Module]]|[[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]]|IconL=OpenSCADWorkbench.svg|IconR=Workbench_PartDesign.svg}}
|[[OpenSCAD Module|OpenSCAD Module]]

|[[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]]
[[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|64px]]
|IconL=Workbench_OpenSCAD.svg
|IconR=Workbench_PartDesign.svg
}}


[[Image:Workbench_Part.svg|thumb|128px|Part workbench icon]]
{{TOCright}}
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
CAD možnosti FreeCADu jsou založeny na jádře [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_CASCADE OpenCasCade]. Modul Díl umožňuje FreeCADu přístup a používání objektů a funkcí OpenCasCade. OpenCascade je profesionální CAD jádro, jehož vlastnosti umožňují pokročilou manipulaci s 3D konstrukcemi a objekty. Objekty Díl, narozdíl od objektů [[Mesh Module/cs|Modulu Síť]], jsou mnohem komplexnější a proto umožňují mnohem dokonalejší operace, jako jsou logické boolean operace, modifikace historie a parametrické chování.
CAD možnosti FreeCADu jsou založeny na jádře [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_CASCADE OpenCasCade]. Modul Díl umožňuje FreeCADu přístup a používání objektů a funkcí OpenCasCade. OpenCascade je profesionální CAD jádro, jehož vlastnosti umožňují pokročilou manipulaci s 3D konstrukcemi a objekty. Objekty Díl, narozdíl od objektů [[Mesh Module/cs|Modulu Síť]], jsou mnohem komplexnější a proto umožňují mnohem dokonalejší operace, jako jsou logické boolean operace, modifikace historie a parametrické chování.
</div>
</div>


The objects created with the Part Workbench are relatively simple; they are intended to be used with boolean operations (unions and cuts) in order to build more complex shapes. This modelling paradigm is known as the [[constructive solid geometry]] (CSG) workflow, and it was the traditional methodology used in early CAD systems. On the other hand, the [[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]] provides a more modern workflow to constructing shapes: it uses a parametrically defined sketch, that is extruded to form a basic solid body, which is then modified by parametric transformations ([[feature editing|feature editing]]), until the final object is obtained.
The objects created with the Part Workbench are relatively simple; they are intended to be used with boolean operations (unions and cuts) in order to build more complex shapes. '''This modeling paradigm is known as the [[constructive solid geometry]] (CSG) workflow, and it was the traditional methodology used in early CAD systems.''' On the other hand, the [[PartDesign Workbench|PartDesign Workbench]] provides a more modern workflow to constructing shapes: it uses a parametrically defined sketch, that is extruded to form a basic solid body, which is then modified by parametric transformations ([[feature editing|feature editing]]), until the final object is obtained.


Part objects are more complex than mesh objects created with the [[Mesh Workbench|Mesh Workbench]], as they permit more advanced operations like coherent boolean operations, modifications history, and parametric behaviour.
Part objects are more complex than mesh objects created with the [[Mesh Workbench|Mesh Workbench]], as they permit more advanced operations like coherent boolean operations, modifications history, and parametric behaviour.

{{TOCright}}
[[Image:Part example.jpg]]


[[Image:Part_Workbench_relationships.svg|600px]]
[[Image:Part_Workbench_relationships.svg|600px]]


{{Caption|The Part Workbench is the basic layer that exposes the OCCT drawing functions to all workbenches in FreeCAD}}
{{Caption|The Part Workbench is the basic layer that exposes the OCCT drawing functions to all workbenches in FreeCAD.}}


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Line 31: Line 33:
These are tools for creating primitive objects.
These are tools for creating primitive objects.


* [[Image:Part_Box.png|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Draws a box by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Box.svg|32px]] [[Part_Box|Box]]: Draws a box by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Cylinder.png|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]: Draws a cylinder by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Cylinder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cylinder|Cylinder]]: Draws a cylinder by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Sphere.png|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]]: Draws a sphere by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Sphere.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sphere|Sphere]]: Draws a sphere by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Cone.png|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Draws a cone by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Cone.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cone|Cone]]: Draws a cone by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Torus.png|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Draws a torus (ring) by specifying its dimensions
* [[Image:Part_Torus.svg|32px]] [[Part_Torus|Torus]]: Draws a torus (ring) by specifying its dimensions
* [[File:Part_Tube.svg|32px]] [[Part_Tube|Tube]]: draws a tube by specifying its internal radius and external radius. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[Image:Part_CreatePrimitives.png|32px]] [[Part_CreatePrimitives|CreatePrimitives]]: A tool to create various parametric geometric primitives
* [[Image:Part_Shapebuilder.png|32px]] [[Part_Shapebuilder|Shapebuilder]]: A tool to create more complex shapes from various parametric geometric primitives
* [[Image:Part_Primitives.svg|32px]] [[Part_Primitives|Primitives]]: A tool to add any of the defined geometric primitives.
* [[Image:Part_Shapebuilder.svg|32px]] [[Part_Builder|Shapebuilder]]: A tool to create more complex shapes from various parametric geometric primitives


===Modifying objects===
===Modifying objects===
Line 43: Line 46:
These are tools for modifying existing objects. They will allow you to choose which object to modify.
These are tools for modifying existing objects. They will allow you to choose which object to modify.


* [[Image:Part_Extrude.png|32px]] [[Part_Extrude|Extrude]]: Extrudes planar faces of an object
* [[Image:Part_Extrude.svg|32px]] [[Part_Extrude|Extrude]]: Extrudes planar faces of an object
* [[Image:Part_Revolve.png|32px]] [[Part_Revolve|Revolve]]: Creates a solid by revolving another object (not solid) around an axis
* [[Image:Part_Revolve.svg|32px]] [[Part_Revolve|Revolve]]: Creates a solid by revolving another object (not solid) around an axis
* [[Image:Part_Mirror.png|32px]] [[Part_Mirror|Mirror]]: Mirrors the selected object on a given mirror plane
* [[Image:Part_Mirror.svg|32px]] [[Part_Mirror|Mirror]]: Mirrors the selected object on a given mirror plane
* [[Image:Part_Fillet.png|32px]] [[Part_Fillet|Fillet]]: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object
* [[Image:Part_Fillet.svg|32px]] [[Part_Fillet|Fillet]]: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object
* [[Image:Part_Chamfer.png|32px]] [[Part_Chamfer|Chamfer]]: Chamfers edges of an object
* [[Image:Part_Chamfer.svg|32px]] [[Part_Chamfer|Chamfer]]: Chamfers edges of an object
* [[Image:Part_RuledSurface.png|32px]] [[Part_RuledSurface|Ruled Surface]]:
* [[Image:Part_RuledSurface.svg|32px]] [[Part_RuledSurface|Ruled Surface]]:
* [[Image:Part_Loft.png|32px]] [[Part_Loft|Loft]]: Lofts from one profile to another
* [[Image:Part_Loft.svg|32px]] [[Part_Loft|Loft]]: Lofts from one profile to another
* [[Image:Part_Sweep.png|32px]] [[Part_Sweep|Sweep]]: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path
* [[Image:Part_Sweep.svg|32px]] [[Part_Sweep|Sweep]]: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path


* [[Image:Part_CompOffsetTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompOffsetTools|Offset tools]]:
* [[Image:Part_CompOffsetTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompOffsetTools|Offset tools]]:
** [[Image:Part_Offset.png|32px]] [[Part_Offset|3D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel shape at a certain distance from original.
** [[Image:Part_Offset.svg|32px]] [[Part_Offset|3D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel shape at a certain distance from original.
** [[Image:Part_Offset2D.png|32px]] [[Part_Offset2D|2D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel wire at certain distance from original, or enlarges/shrinks a planar face. {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part_Offset2D.svg|32px]] [[Part_Offset2D|2D Offset]]: Constructs a parallel wire at certain distance from original, or enlarges/shrinks a planar face. {{Version|0.17}}


* [[Image:Part_Thickness.png|32px]] [[Part_Thickness|Thickness]]: Hollows out a solid, leaving openings next to select faces.
* [[Image:Part_Thickness.svg|32px]] [[Part_Thickness|Thickness]]: Hollows out a solid, leaving openings next to select faces.


* [[Image:Part_ProjectionOnSurface.png|32px]] [[Part_ProjectionOnSurface|Projection on surface]]: Project a logo, text or any face,wire,edge to a surface. With the projection part it is possible to create a solid or wire. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[File:Part_ProjectionOnSurface.svg|32px]] [[Part_ProjectionOnSurface|Projection on surface]]: Project a logo, text or any face,wire,edge to a surface. With the projection part it is possible to create a solid or wire. {{Version|0.19}}


* [[Image:Part_CompCompoundTools.png|48px]] [[Part_CompCompoundTools|Compound Tools]]:
* [[Image:Part_Compound.svg|48px]] [[Part_CompCompoundTools|Compound Tools]]:
** [[Image:Part MakeCompound.png|32px]] [[Part MakeCompound|Make compound]]: Creates a compound from the selected objects.
** [[Image:Part_Compound.svg|32px]] [[Part_Compound|Make compound]]: Creates a compound from the selected objects.
** [[Image:Part_ExplodeCompound.svg|32px]] [[Part_ExplodeCompound|Explode Compound]]: Tool to split up compounds of shapes
** [[Image:Part_ExplodeCompound.svg|32px]] [[Part_ExplodeCompound|Explode Compound]]: Tool to split up compounds of shapes
** [[Image:Part Compound‏‎Filter.png|32px]] [[Part Compound‏‎Filter|Compound Filter]]: The CompoundFilter can be used to extract the individual pieces.
** [[Image:Part Compound‏‎Filter.svg|32px]] [[Part Compound‏‎Filter|Compound Filter]]: The CompoundFilter can be used to extract the individual pieces.


* [[Image:Part_Booleans.png|32px]] [[Part_Booleans|Booleans]]: Performs boolean operations on objects
* [[Image:Part_Booleans.svg|32px]] [[Part_Boolean|Boolean]]: Performs boolean operations on objects
* [[Image:Part_Union.png|32px]] [[Part_Union|Union]]: Fuses (unions) two objects
* [[Image:Part_Fuse.svg|32px]] [[Part_Union|Union]]: Fuses (unions) two objects
* [[Image:Part_Common.png|32px]] [[Part_Common|Common]]: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects
* [[Image:Part_Common.svg|32px]] [[Part_Common|Common]]: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects
* [[Image:Part_Cut.png|32px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another
* [[Image:Part_Cut.svg|32px]] [[Part_Cut|Cut]]: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another


* [[Image:Part_CompJoinFeatures.png|48px]] [[Part CompJoinFeatures|Join features]]: smart booleans for walled objects (e.g., pipes) {{Version|0.16}}
* [[Image:Part_CompJoinFeatures.png|48px]] [[Part CompJoinFeatures|Join features]]: smart booleans for walled objects (e.g., pipes) {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part JoinConnect.png|32px]] [[Part_JoinConnect|Connect]]: Connects interiors of objects {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part_JoinConnect.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinConnect|Connect]]: Connects interiors of objects {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part JoinEmbed.png|32px]] [[Part_JoinEmbed|Embed]]: Embeds a walled object into another walled object {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part_JoinEmbed.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinEmbed|Embed]]: Embeds a walled object into another walled object {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part JoinCutout.png|32px]] [[Part_JoinCutout|Cutout]]: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object {{Version|0.16}}
** [[Image:Part_JoinCutout.svg|32px]] [[Part_JoinCutout|Cutout]]: Creates a cutout in a wall of an object for another walled object {{Version|0.16}}


* [[Image:Part_CompSplittingTools.png|48px]] [[Part CompSplittingTools|Splitting tools]]: {{Version|0.17}}
* [[Image:Part_CompSplittingTools.png|48px]] [[Part CompSplittingTools|Splitting tools]]: {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part BooleanFragments.png|32px]] [[Part_BooleanFragments|Boolean fragments]]: makes all the pieces that can be obtained by Boolean operations between objects {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part_BooleanFragments.svg|32px]] [[Part_BooleanFragments|Boolean fragments]]: makes all the pieces that can be obtained by Boolean operations between objects {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part SliceApart.svg|32px]] [[Part_SliceApart|Slice a part]]: tool to split shapes by intersection with other shapes
** [[Image:Part SliceApart.svg|32px]] [[Part_SliceApart|Slice a part]]: tool to split shapes by intersection with other shapes
** [[Image:Part Slice.png|32px]] [[Part_Slice|Slice]]: Splits an object into pieces by intersections with another object {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part_Slice.svg|32px]] [[Part_Slice|Slice]]: Splits an object into pieces by intersections with another object {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part XOR.png|32px]] [[Part_XOR|XOR]]: removes space shared by even number of objects (symmetric version of [[Part_Cut|Cut]]) {{Version|0.17}}
** [[Image:Part_XOR.svg|32px]] [[Part_XOR|XOR]]: removes space shared by even number of objects (symmetric version of [[Part_Cut|Cut]]) {{Version|0.17}}


* [[Image:Part Defeaturing.svg|32px]] [[Part_Defeaturing|Defeaturing]]: {{Version|0.18}}
* [[Image:Part Defeaturing.svg|32px]] [[Part_Defeaturing|Defeaturing]]: {{Version|0.18}}
* [[Image:Part_Section.png|32px]] [[Part_Section|Section]]: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane
* [[Image:Part_Section.svg|32px]] [[Part_Section|Section]]: Creates a section by intersecting an object with a section plane
* [[Image:Part_SectionCross.png|32px]] [[Part_SectionCross|Cross sections...]]:
* [[Image:Part_CrossSections.svg|32px]] [[Part_SectionCross|Cross sections...]]: Creates one or more cross-sections through a selected shape
* [[Image:Part Attachment.svg|32px]] [[Part Attachment|Attachment]]: attachment is a utility to attach an object to another one.
* [[Image:Part Attachment.svg|32px]] [[Part Attachment|Attachment]]: attachment is a utility to attach an object to another one.


=== Measure ===
=== Measure ===


[[File:Std Measure Menu.png|64px]] [[Std Measure Menu|Measure]]: Allows linear and angular measurement between points, edges, and faces.
[[File:Part Measure Menu.png|64px]] [[Part Measure Menu|Measure]]: Allows linear and angular measurement between points, edges, and faces.


* [[Image:Part_Measure_Linear.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Linear|Measure Linear]] allows you to make linear measurements.
* [[Image:Part_Measure_Linear.svg|32px]] [[Part_Measure_Linear|Measure Linear]] allows you to make linear measurements.
Line 100: Line 103:
===Other tools===
===Other tools===


* [[Image:Part_Import.svg|32px]] [[Part ImportCAD|Import CAD]]: This tool allows you to add a file *.IGES, *.STEP, *.BREP to the current document.
* [[Image:Part_Import.svg|32px]] [[Part Import|Import]]: This tool allows you to add a file *.IGES, *.STEP, *.BREP to the current document.
* [[Image:Part_Export.svg|32px]] [[Part ExportCAD|Export CAD]]: This tool allows you to export a part object in a *.IGES, *.STEP, *.BREP file.
* [[Image:Part_Export.svg|32px]] [[Part Export|Export]]: This tool allows you to export a part object in a *.IGES, *.STEP, *.BREP file.
* [[File:Part_BoxSelection.svg|32px]] [[Part_BoxSelection|BoxSelection]]: add to the selection the faces of the shapes that are touches by the rectangular selection. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[File:Part_BoxSelection.svg|32px]] [[Part_BoxSelection|BoxSelection]]: add to the selection the faces of the shapes that are touches by the rectangular selection. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[Image:Part_ShapeFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part ShapeFromMesh|Shape from Mesh]]: Creates a shape object from a mesh object.
* [[Image:Part_ShapeFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part ShapeFromMesh|Shape from Mesh]]: Creates a shape object from a mesh object.
* [[File:Part_PointsFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part PointsFromMesh|Points from mesh]]: creates a shape object made of points from the mesh. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[File:Part_PointsFromMesh.svg|32px]] [[Part PointsFromMesh|Points from mesh]]: creates a shape object made of points from the mesh. {{Version|0.19}}
* [[Part_ConvertToSolid|Convert to solid]]: Converts a shape object to a solid object.
* [[Part_MakeSolid|Convert to solid]]: Converts a shape object to a solid object.
* [[Part_ReverseShapes|Reverse shapes]]: Flips the normals of all faces of the selected object.
* [[File:Part_ReverseShapes.svg|32px]] [[Part_ReverseShapes|Reverse shapes]]: Flips the normals of all faces of the selected object.


* Create a copy:
* Create a copy:
** [[Image:Part_CreateSimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] [[Part CreateSimpleCopy|Create simple copy]]: Creates a simple copy of the selected object.
** [[Image:Part_SimpleCopy‎.svg|32px]] [[Part_SimpleCopy|Create simple copy]]: Creates a simple copy of the selected object.
** [[File:Part_TransformedCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part TransformedCopy|Create transformed copy]]: creates a transformed copy of the selected object. {{Version|0.19}}
** [[File:Part_TransformedCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_TransformedCopy|Create transformed copy]]: creates a transformed copy of the selected object. {{Version|0.19}}
** [[File:Part_ElementCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part ElementCopy|Create shape element copy]]: creates a copy from an element (vertex, edge, face) of the selected object. {{Version|0.19}}
** [[File:Part_ElementCopy.svg|32px]] [[Part_ElementCopy|Create shape element copy]]: creates a copy from an element (vertex, edge, face) of the selected object. {{Version|0.19}}
** [[Image:Part_RefineShape.svg|32px]] [[Part RefineShape|Refine shape]]: Cleans faces by removing unnecessary lines.
** [[Image:Part_RefineShape.svg|32px]] [[Part_RefineShape|Refine shape]]: Cleans faces by removing unnecessary lines.


* [[Image:Part_CheckGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Part CheckGeometry|Check geometry]]: Checks the geometry of selected objects for errors.
* [[Image:Part_CheckGeometry.svg|32px]] [[Part CheckGeometry|Check geometry]]: Checks the geometry of selected objects for errors.


=== Context menu items ===
== Preferences ==


*[[Std_SetAppearance|Appearance]]: determines appearance of the whole part (color transparency etc.).
* [[Image:Preferences-import-export.svg|32px]] [[Import_Export_Preference|Preference ...]] Import Export
* [[File:Part_ColorFace.svg|32px]] [[Part_FaceColors|Set colors]]: assigns colors to part faces.


== Preferences ==
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
=== Vysvětlení pojmů ===
</div>


<!--The PartDesign preferences are defined in the Part workbench and both the PartDesign workbench and the Part workbench use them-->
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
* [[Image:Preferences-part_design.svg|32px]] [[PartDesign_Preferences|Preferences]]: preferences available for Part Tools (the Part workbench also uses the PartDesign Preferences).
V terminologii OpenCasCade odlišujeme geometrické primitivy a (topologické) tvary. Geometrický primitiv může být bod, linka, kružnice, rovina atd. nebo i komplexnější typy jako je B-Spline (aproximační) křivka nebo plocha. Topologický tvar může být vrchol, hrana, drát, povrch, těleso nebo složenina z jiných tvarů. Geometrické primitivy nejsou určeny k přímému zobrazení ve 3D zobrazení, ale hlavně k použití jako stavební prvek pro 3D tvary. Například hrana může být zkonstruována z linky nebo z části kružnice.
* [[Image:Preferences-import-export.svg|32px]] [[Import_Export_Preferences|Import Export Preferences]]: preferences available for importing from and exporting to different file formats.
</div>
* [[Fine-tuning]]: some extra parameters to fine-tune Part behavior.

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Souhrnně se dá říct, že geometrické primitivy jsou "beztvaré" stavební bloky. A tvary jsou prostorové konstrukce na prvcích vystavěné.
</div>

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Jejich kompletní seznam je na [http://www.opencascade.org/org/doc/ OCC documentation] (Alternativně: [http://opencascade.sourcearchive.com/documentation/6.3.0.dfsg.1-1/classes.html sourcearchive.com]) a hledání textů '''Geom_*''' (pro geometrické primitivy) a '''TopoDS_*''' (pro tvary). Můžete se tam také dočíst o rozdílech mezi geometrickými primitivy a tvary. Všimněte si také, prosím, že naneštěstí oficiální OCC dokumentace není dostupná online (musíte si stáhnout archiv) a je hlavně určena pro programátory a ne pro koncové uživatele. Ale pro začátek naštěstí najdete dost informací zde.
</div>

Geometrické typy mohou být rozděleny do dvou hlavních skupin: linky a povrchy. Nad linkami (přímka, kružnice,...) můžete přímo budovat hrany, na plochách (rovina, válec, ...) zase povrchy. Například základní přímka je nekonečná, tj. je definována základním vektorem a směrovým vektorem, zatímco jeho tvarová reprezentace musí být nějak omezena počátečním a koncovým bodem. A kvádr -- těleso -- může být vytvořeno šesti omezenými rovinami.

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Z hran nebo povrchů se můžete také vrátit k jeho původním geometrickým primitivům.
</div>

Tudíž, z tvarů můžete stavět velmi komplexní díly nebo opačně odebírat všechny poddíly pro vytváření ještě komplexnějších dílů.


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Line 148: Line 135:
</div>
</div>


{{Emphasis|See also:}} [[Part scripting|Part scripting]]
See [[Part scripting|Part scripting]].


== Tutorials ==
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Hlavní datová struktura použitá v modulu Díl je datový typ
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_representation BRep] z OpenCascade.
Téměř celý obsah a objektové typy modulu Díl jsou dostupné skriptování v Pythonu. Zahrnuje to geometrické primitivy, jako jsou Linky, Kružnice (nebo Úhly) a celá oblast TopoTvarů, jako jsou Vrcholy, Hrany, Dráty, Plochy, Tělesa a Složeniny. Pro každý z těchto objektů existuje několik metod pro jejich vytváření a pro některé z nich, zvláště pro TopoTvary, jsou dostupné rozšířené operace jako logické sjednocení/rozdíly/průniky. Projděte si obsah modulu Díl jak je popsán na stránce [[FreeCAD Scripting Basics]] abyste jej lépe pochopili.
</div>


The most basic object that can be created is a [[Part Feature|Part Feature]], which has a simple {{PropertyData|Placement}} property, and basic properties to define its color and appearance.

=== Příklady ===

Pro vytvoření přímkového elementu přepněte do konzoly Pythonu a zapište:
{{Code|code=
import Part,PartGui
doc=App.newDocument()
l=Part.LineSegment()
l.StartPoint=(0.0,0.0,0.0)
l.EndPoint=(1.0,1.0,1.0)
doc.addObject("Part::Feature","Line").Shape=l.toShape()
doc.recompute()
}}
Projděme si výše uvedený příklad v Pythonu krok po kroku:
{{Code|code=
import Part,PartGui
doc=App.newDocument()
}}
natáhne modul Díl (Part) a vytvoří nový dokument
{{Code|code=
l=Part.LineSegment()
l.StartPoint=(0.0,0.0,0.0)
l.EndPoint=(1.0,1.0,1.0)
}}
přímka je ve skutečnosti přímkový segment, proto má počáteční a koncový bod.
{{Code|code=
doc.addObject("Part::Feature","Line").Shape=l.toShape()
}}
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Přidá do dokumentu objektový typ Díl (Part) a přiřadí přidanému objektu reprezentaci tvaru přímkového segmentu do vlastnosti 'Tvar' (Shape). Zde je důležité pochopit, že jsme použili geometrický primitiv (Přímka - Part.Line) k vytvoření TopoTvaru ( metoda toShape() ). Do dokumentu mohou být přidávány pouze tvary. Ve FreeCADu jsou geometrické primitivy používány jako "stavební struktury" pro Tvary.
</div>
{{Code|code=
doc.recompute()
}}
Aktualizuje dokument. Také připravuje vizuální reprezentaci nového dílu.

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Všimněte si také, že přímka může být vytvořena přímo zadáním jejího počátečního a koncového bodu v konstruktoru, např. Part.Line(point1,point2) nebo můžeme vytořit obecnou přímku a pak jí dodatečně přiřadit vlastnosti, jako jsme to udělali zde.
</div>

Kružnice může být vytvořena podobně:
{{Code|code=
import Part
doc = App.activeDocument()
c = Part.Circle()
c.Radius=10.0
f = doc.addObject("Part::Feature", "Circle")
f.Shape = c.toShape()
doc.recompute()
}}
Znovu si všimněte, že jsme použili kružnici (geometrický primitiv) ke konstrukci tvaru nad ní. Samozřejmě stále zůstává přístup ke geometrii konstrukce, zadáním:
{{Code|code=
s = f.Shape
e = s.Edges[0]
c = e.Curve
}}
Zde si vezmeme tvar(Shape) našeho objektu f, potom si z něho vezmeme seznam hran. V tomto případě to bude jen jedna hrana, protože celý tvar děláme z jedné kružnicem a proto si vezmeme ze seznamu pouze první hranu a z ní její přímku. Každá hrana má přímku, což je geometrický primitiv, na kterém je hrana založena.

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Chcete-li vědět více jděte na stránku [[Topological data scripting]].
</div>

== Tutorials ==
* [[Import_from_STL_or_OBJ|Import from STL or OBJ]] : How to import STL/OBJ files in FreeCAD
* [[Import_from_STL_or_OBJ|Import from STL or OBJ]] : How to import STL/OBJ files in FreeCAD
* [[Export_to_STL_or_OBJ|Export to STL or OBJ]] : How to export STL/OBJ files from FreeCAD
* [[Export_to_STL_or_OBJ|Export to STL or OBJ]] : How to export STL/OBJ files from FreeCAD
* [[Whiffle_Ball_tutorial|Whiffle Ball tutorial]] : How to use the Part Module
* [[Whiffle_Ball_tutorial|Whiffle Ball tutorial]] : How to use the Part Module



<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Line 228: Line 148:
</div>
</div>


{{Part Tools navi{{#translation:}}}}
{{Userdocnavi}}
{{Userdocnavi{{#translation:}}}}
[[Category:Part]]
[[Category:Workbenches]]
[[Category:Workbenches{{#translation:}}]]

Revision as of 15:58, 13 October 2020

Part workbench icon

CAD možnosti FreeCADu jsou založeny na jádře OpenCasCade. Modul Díl umožňuje FreeCADu přístup a používání objektů a funkcí OpenCasCade. OpenCascade je profesionální CAD jádro, jehož vlastnosti umožňují pokročilou manipulaci s 3D konstrukcemi a objekty. Objekty Díl, narozdíl od objektů Modulu Síť, jsou mnohem komplexnější a proto umožňují mnohem dokonalejší operace, jako jsou logické boolean operace, modifikace historie a parametrické chování.

The objects created with the Part Workbench are relatively simple; they are intended to be used with boolean operations (unions and cuts) in order to build more complex shapes. This modeling paradigm is known as the constructive solid geometry (CSG) workflow, and it was the traditional methodology used in early CAD systems. On the other hand, the PartDesign Workbench provides a more modern workflow to constructing shapes: it uses a parametrically defined sketch, that is extruded to form a basic solid body, which is then modified by parametric transformations (feature editing), until the final object is obtained.

Part objects are more complex than mesh objects created with the Mesh Workbench, as they permit more advanced operations like coherent boolean operations, modifications history, and parametric behaviour.

The Part Workbench is the basic layer that exposes the OCCT drawing functions to all workbenches in FreeCAD.

Nástroje

Nástroje modulu Díl jsou všechny umístěny v menu Díl, který se zobrazí když natáhnete modul Díl.

Primitives

These are tools for creating primitive objects.

  • Box: Draws a box by specifying its dimensions
  • Cylinder: Draws a cylinder by specifying its dimensions
  • Sphere: Draws a sphere by specifying its dimensions
  • Cone: Draws a cone by specifying its dimensions
  • Torus: Draws a torus (ring) by specifying its dimensions
  • Tube: draws a tube by specifying its internal radius and external radius. introduced in version 0.19
  • Primitives: A tool to add any of the defined geometric primitives.
  • Shapebuilder: A tool to create more complex shapes from various parametric geometric primitives

Modifying objects

These are tools for modifying existing objects. They will allow you to choose which object to modify.

  • Extrude: Extrudes planar faces of an object
  • Revolve: Creates a solid by revolving another object (not solid) around an axis
  • Mirror: Mirrors the selected object on a given mirror plane
  • Fillet: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object
  • Chamfer: Chamfers edges of an object
  • Ruled Surface:
  • Loft: Lofts from one profile to another
  • Sweep: Sweeps one or more profiles along a path
  • Thickness: Hollows out a solid, leaving openings next to select faces.
  • Boolean: Performs boolean operations on objects
  • Union: Fuses (unions) two objects
  • Common: Extracts the common (intersection) part of two objects
  • Cut: Cuts (subtracts) one object from another

Measure

File:Part Measure Menu.png Measure: Allows linear and angular measurement between points, edges, and faces.

Other tools

Context menu items

  • Appearance: determines appearance of the whole part (color transparency etc.).
  • Set colors: assigns colors to part faces.

Preferences

  • Preferences: preferences available for Part Tools (the Part workbench also uses the PartDesign Preferences).
  • Import Export Preferences: preferences available for importing from and exporting to different file formats.
  • Fine-tuning: some extra parameters to fine-tune Part behavior.

Skriptování

See Part scripting.

Tutorials