PartDesign Pad/tr: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 10:27, 6 April 2024

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Create a clone

Revolution

PartDesign

Menu location
PartDesign Pad
Part Design → Create an additive feature → Pad
Workbenches
PartDesign
Default shortcut
None
Introduced in version
-
See also
PartDesign Pocket

Tanım

The Pad tool extrudes a sketch or a face of a solid along a straight path.

Sketch (A) shown on the left; end result after pad operation (B) on the right.

Usage

Select a single sketch or one or more faces from the Body.
Press the Pad button.
Set the Pad parameters, see Options below.
Press the OK button.

Options

When creating a pad, or after double-clicking an existing pad in the Tree view, the Pad parameters task panel is shown. It offers the following settings:

Type

Type offers five different ways of specifying the length of the pad:

Dimension

Enter a numeric value for the Length of the pad. With the option Symmetric to plane the pad will extend half the given length to either side of the sketch or face.

To last

The pad will extend up to the last face of the support it encounters in its direction. If there is no support, an error message will appear.

To first

The pad will extend up to the first face of the support it encounters in its direction. If there is no support, an error message will appear.

Up to face

The pad will extend up to a face. Press the Select face button and select a face or a datum plane from the Body.

Two dimensions

This allows to enter a second length in which the pad should extend in the opposite direction. The directions can be switched by checking the Reversed option.

Offset to face

Offset from face at which the pad will end. This option is only available if Type is To last, To first or Up to face.

Length

Defines the length of the pad. This option is only available if Type is Dimension or Two dimensions. The length is measured along the direction vector, or along the normal of the sketch or face. Negative values are not possible. Use the Reversed option instead.

2nd length

Defines the length of the pad in the opposite direction. This option is only available if Type is Two dimensions.

Symmetric to plane

Check this option to extrude half the given length to either side of the sketch or face. This option is only available if Type is Dimension.

Reversed

Reverses the direction of the pad.

Direction

Direction/edge

You can select the direction of the extrusion:

Sketch normal or Face normal: The sketch or face is extruded in the direction of its normal. If you have selected several sketches or faces to be extruded, the normal of the first one will be used.
Select reference...: The sketch or face is extruded in the direction of a straight edge or a datum line selected from the Body.
Custom direction: The sketch or face is extruded in the direction of the specified vector.

Show direction

If checked, the pad direction will be shown. In case the pad uses a Custom direction, it can be changed.

Length along sketch normal

If checked, the pad length is measured along the sketch or face normal, otherwise along the custom direction.

Taper angle

Tapers the pad in the extrusion direction by the given angle. A positive angle means the outer pad border gets wider. Note that inner structures receive the opposite taper angle. This is done to facilitate the design of molds and molded parts. This option is only available if Type is Dimension or Two dimensions.

2nd taper angle

Tapers the pad in the opposite extrusion direction by the given angle. See Taper angle. This option is only available if Type is Two dimensions.

Properties

Data

Pad

VeriType (Enumeration): Defines how the pad will be extruded, see Options.
VeriLength (Length): Defines the length of the pad, see Options.
VeriLength2 (Length): Second pad length in case the VeriType is TwoLengths, see Options.
VeriUse Custom Vector (Bool): If checked, the pad direction will not be the normal vector of the sketch but the given vector, see Options.
VeriDirection (Vector): Vector of the pad direction if VeriUse Custom Vector is used.
VeriReference Axis (LinkSub)
VeriAlong Sketch Normal (Bool): If true, the pad length is measured along the sketch normal. Otherwise and if VeriUse Custom Vector is used, it is measured along the custom direction.
VeriUp To Face (LinkSub): A face the pad will extrude up to, see Options.
VeriOffset (Length): Offset from face in which the pad will end. This is only taken into account if the VeriType option UpToLast, UpToFirst or UpToFace is used.
VeriTaper Angle (Angle)
VeriTaper Angle2 (Angle)

Part Design

VeriRefine (Bool): True or false. Cleans up residual edges left after the operation. This property is initially set according to the user's settings (found in Preferences → Part Design → General → Model settings).

Sketch Based

VeriProfile (LinkSub)
VeriMidplane (Bool)
VeriReversed (Bool)
VeriAllow Multi Face (Bool)

Limitations

Like all Part Design features, Pad creates a solid, thus the sketch must include a closed profile or it will fail with a Failed to validate broken face error.
Sketches containing B-Splines often cannot be tapered properly. This is a limitation of the OpenCASCADE kernel that FreeCAD uses.
For larger angles tapering will fail if the end face would have fewer edges than the start face/sketch.
The algorithm used for To First and To Last is:
- Create a line through the center of gravity of the sketch
- Find all faces of the support cut by this line
- Choose the face where the intersection point is nearest/furthest from the sketch

This means that the face that is found might not always be what you expected. If you run into this problem, use the Up to face type instead, and pick the face you want.

For the very special case of extrusion to a concave surface, where the sketch is larger than this surface, extrusion will fail. This is a unresolved bug.

Create a clone

Revolution

PartDesign

Structure tools: Part, Group
Helper tools: Create body, Create sketch, Edit sketch, Map sketch to face

Modeling tools
- Datum tools: Create a datum point, Create a datum line, Create a datum plane, Create a local coordinate system, Create a shape binder, Create a sub-object(s) shape binder, Create a clone
- Additive tools: Pad, Revolution, Additive loft, Additive pipe, Additive helix, Additive box, Additive cylinder, Additive sphere, Additive cone, Additive ellipsoid, Additive torus, Additive prism, Additive wedge
- Subtractive tools: Pocket, Hole, Groove, Subtractive loft, Subtractive pipe, Subtractive helix, Subtractive box, Subtractive cylinder, Subtractive sphere, Subtractive cone, Subtractive ellipsoid, Subtractive torus, Subtractive prism, ‎Subtractive wedge

Transformation tools: Mirrored, Linear Pattern, Polar Pattern, Create MultiTransform, Scaled
Dress-up tools: Fillet, Chamfer, Draft, Thickness
Boolean: Boolean operation

Extras: Migrate, Sprocket, Involute gear, Shaft design wizard
Context menu: Set tip, Move object to other body, Move object after other object, Appearance, Color per face

User documentation

Getting started
Installation: Download, Windows, Linux, Mac, Additional components, Docker, AppImage, Ubuntu Snap
Basics: About FreeCAD, Interface, Mouse navigation, Selection methods, Object name, Preferences, Workbenches, Document structure, Properties, Help FreeCAD, Donate

Help: Tutorials, Video tutorials
Workbenches: Std Base, Arch, Assembly, CAM, Draft, FEM, Inspection, Mesh, OpenSCAD, Part, PartDesign, Points, Reverse Engineering, Robot, Sketcher, Spreadsheet, Start, Surface, TechDraw, Test Framework, Web

Addons: Addon Manager, External workbenches, Scripting and macros

Hubs: User hub, Power users hub, Developer hub

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 }}
+<span id="Description"></span>
 <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 ==Tanım==
@@ Line 29: / Line 30: @@
 ==Usage==
-# Select the sketch or face to be padded.
+# Select a single sketch or one or more faces from the Body.
-# Press the {{Button|[[Image:PartDesign_Pad.svg|16px]] '''Pad'''}} button.
+# Press the {{Button|[[Image:PartDesign_Pad.svg|16px]] [[PartDesign_Pad|Pad]]}} button.
-# Set the Pad parameters, see the [[#Options|Options]] below.
+# Set the Pad parameters, see [[#Options|Options]] below.
-# Click {{KEY|OK}}.
+# Press the {{Button|OK}} button.
 ==Options==
-When creating a pad, the the '''Pad parameters''' dialog will be shown. It offers the following settings:
+When creating a pad, or after double-clicking an existing pad in the [[Tree_view|Tree view]], the '''Pad parameters''' task panel is shown. It offers the following settings:
-[[Image:pad_parameters_cropped.png|frame|left]]
+[[Image:PartDesign_Pad_Taskpanel.png|frame|left]]
 ===Type===
-Type offers five different ways of specifying the length to which the pad will be extruded:
+Type offers five different ways of specifying the length of the pad:
 ====Dimension====
-Enter a numeric value for the length of the pad. The default direction for extrusion is away (outside of) the support, but it can be changed by ticking the '''Reversed''' option. Extrusions occur by default [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_normal normal] to the defining sketch plane. This can be changed by specifying another '''Direction'''. With the option '''Symmetric to plane''' the pad will extend half of the given length to either side of the plane. Negative dimensions are not possible. Use the '''Reversed''' option instead.
+Enter a numeric value for the '''Length''' of the pad. With the option '''Symmetric to plane''' the pad will extend half the given length to either side of the sketch or face.
-====Two dimensions====
-This allows to enter a second length in which the pad should extend in the opposite direction (into the support). The directions can be switched by ticking the '''Reversed''' option.
 ====To last====
-The pad will extrude up to the last face of the support in the extrusion direction. If there is no support, an error message will appear.
+The pad will extend up to the last face of the support it encounters in its direction. If there is no support, an error message will appear.
 ====To first====
-The pad will extrude up to the first face of the support in the extrusion direction.  If there is no support, an error message will appear.
+The pad will extend up to the first face of the support it encounters in its direction. If there is no support, an error message will appear.
 ====Up to face====
-The pad will extrude up to a face in the model that can be chosen by clicking on it.
+The pad will extend up to a face. Press the {{Button|Select face}} button and select a face or a [[PartDesign_Plane|datum plane]] from the Body.
-===Length===
+====Two dimensions====
+This allows to enter a second length in which the pad should extend in the opposite direction. The directions can be switched by checking the '''Reversed''' option.
-Defines the length of the pad. Multiple units can be used independently of the user's units preferences (m, cm, mm, nm, ft or ', in or "). This option is only available when '''Type''' is either '''Dimension''' or '''Two dimensions'''.
 === Offset to face ===
-Offset from face at which the pad will end. This option is only available when '''Type''' is either '''To last''', '''To first''' or '''Up to face'''.
+Offset from face at which the pad will end. This option is only available if '''Type''' is '''To last''', '''To first''' or '''Up to face'''.
+===Length===
+Defines the length of the pad. This option is only available if '''Type''' is '''Dimension''' or '''Two dimensions'''. The length is measured along the direction vector, or along the normal of the sketch or face. Negative values are not possible. Use the '''Reversed''' option instead.
+=== 2nd length ===
+Defines the length of the pad in the opposite direction. This option is only available if '''Type''' is '''Two dimensions'''.
+=== Symmetric to plane ===
+Check this option to extrude half the given length to either side of the sketch or face. This option is only available if '''Type''' is '''Dimension'''.
+=== Reversed ===
+Reverses the direction of the pad.
 ===Direction===
@@ Line 78: / Line 91: @@
 You can select the direction of the extrusion:
-* '''Sketch normal''' The sketch is extruded along its normal
+* '''Sketch normal''' or '''Face normal:''' The sketch or face is extruded in the direction of its normal. If you have selected several sketches or faces to be extruded, the normal of the first one will be used.
-* '''Select reference...''' The sketch is extruded along an edge of the 3D model. When this is method selected, you can click on any edge in the 3D model and it becomes the direction vector for the extrusion. {{Version|0.20}}
+* '''Select reference...:''' The sketch or face is extruded in the direction of a straight edge or a [[PartDesign_Line|datum line]] selected from the Body.
-* '''Custom direction''' The sketch is extruded along a direction that can be specified via vector values. {{Version|0.19}}
+* '''Custom direction:''' The sketch or face is extruded in the direction of the specified vector.
 ==== Show direction ====
-If checked, the pad direction will be shown. In case the pad uses a '''Custom direction''', it can be changed. {{Version|0.20}}
+If checked, the pad direction will be shown. In case the pad uses a '''Custom direction''', it can be changed.
 ==== Length along sketch normal ====
-If checked, the pad length is measured along the sketch normal, otherwise along the custom direction. {{Version|0.20}}
+If checked, the pad length is measured along the sketch or face normal, otherwise along the custom direction.
-=== Symmetric to plane ===
+=== Taper angle ===
+Tapers the pad in the extrusion direction by the given angle. A positive angle means the outer pad border gets wider. Note that inner structures receive the opposite taper angle. This is done to facilitate the design of molds and molded parts. This option is only available if '''Type''' is '''Dimension''' or '''Two dimensions'''.
-Tick the checkbox to extrude half of the given length to either side of the sketch or plane.
-=== Reversed ===
+=== 2nd taper angle ===
+Tapers the pad in the opposite extrusion direction by the given angle. See '''Taper angle'''. This option is only available if '''Type''' is '''Two dimensions'''.
-Reverses the direction of the pad.
 ==Properties==
+===Data===
-* {{PropertyData|Type}}: Type of ways how the pad will be extruded, see [[#Options|Options]].
-* {{PropertyData|Length}}: Defines the length of the pad, see [[#Options|Options]].
+{{TitleProperty|Pad}}
-* {{PropertyData|Length2}}: Second pad length in case the {{PropertyData|Type}} is '''TwoLengths''', see [[#Options|Options]].
-* {{PropertyData|Use Custom Vector}}: {{Version|0.19}} If checked, the pad direction will not be the normal vector of the sketch but the given vector, see [[#Options|Options]].
-* {{PropertyData|Direction}}: {{Version|0.19}} Vector of the pad direction if {{PropertyData|Use Custom Vector}} is used.
+* {{PropertyData|Type|Enumeration}}: Defines how the pad will be extruded, see [[#Options|Options]].
+* {{PropertyData|Length|Length}}: Defines the length of the pad, see [[#Options|Options]].
-* {{PropertyData|Along Sketch Normal}}: {{Version|0.20}} If ''true'', the pad length is measured along the sketch normal. Otherwise and if {{PropertyData|Use Custom Vector}} is used, it is measured along the custom direction.
-* {{PropertyData|Up To Face}}: A face the pad will extrude up to, see [[#Options|Options]].
+* {{PropertyData|Length2|Length}}: Second pad length in case the {{PropertyData|Type}} is '''TwoLengths''', see [[#Options|Options]].
-* {{PropertyData|Offset}}: Offset from face in which the pad will end. This is only taken into account if the {{PropertyData|Type}} option '''UpToLast''', '''UpToFirst''' or '''UpToFace''' is used.
+* {{PropertyData|Use Custom Vector|Bool}}: If checked, the pad direction will not be the normal vector of the sketch but the given vector, see [[#Options|Options]].
+* {{PropertyData|Direction|Vector}}: Vector of the pad direction if {{PropertyData|Use Custom Vector}} is used.
-* {{PropertyData|Refine}}: True or false. Cleans up residual edges left after the operation. This property is initially set according to the user's settings (found in {{MenuCommand|Preferences → Part design → General → Model settings}}). It can be manually changed afterwards. This property will be saved with the FreeCAD document.
+* {{PropertyData|Reference Axis|LinkSub}}
+* {{PropertyData|Along Sketch Normal|Bool}}: If ''true'', the pad length is measured along the sketch normal. Otherwise and if {{PropertyData|Use Custom Vector}} is used, it is measured along the custom direction.
+* {{PropertyData|Up To Face|LinkSub}}: A face the pad will extrude up to, see [[#Options|Options]].
+* {{PropertyData|Offset|Length}}: Offset from face in which the pad will end. This is only taken into account if the {{PropertyData|Type}} option '''UpToLast''', '''UpToFirst''' or '''UpToFace''' is used.
+* {{PropertyData|Taper Angle|Angle}}
+* {{PropertyData|Taper Angle2|Angle}}
+{{TitleProperty|Part Design}}
+* {{PropertyData|Refine|Bool}}: True or false. Cleans up residual edges left after the operation. This property is initially set according to the user's settings (found in {{MenuCommand|Preferences → Part Design → General → Model settings}}).
+{{TitleProperty|Sketch Based}}
+* {{PropertyData|Profile|LinkSub}}
+* {{PropertyData|Midplane|Bool}}
+* {{PropertyData|Reversed|Bool}}
+* {{PropertyData|Allow Multi Face|Bool}}
 ==Limitations==
-* Like all Part Design features, Pad creates a solid, thus the sketch must include a closed profile or it will fail with a ''Failed to validate broken face'' error. There can be multiple enclosed profiles inside a larger one, provided none intersect each other (for example, a rectangle with two circles inside it).
+* Like all Part Design features, Pad creates a solid, thus the sketch must include a closed profile or it will fail with a ''Failed to validate broken face'' error.
+* Sketches containing [[B-Splines|B-Splines]] often cannot be tapered properly. This is a limitation of the [[OpenCASCADE|OpenCASCADE]] kernel that FreeCAD uses.
+* For larger angles tapering will fail if the end face would have fewer edges than the start face/sketch.
 * The algorithm used for '''To First''' and '''To Last''' is:
 ** Create a line through the center of gravity of the sketch
@@ Line 119: / Line 151: @@
 : This means that the face that is found might not always be what you expected. If you run into this problem, use the '''Up to face''' type instead, and pick the face you want.
 : For the very special case of extrusion to a concave surface, where the sketch is larger than this surface, extrusion will fail. This is a unresolved bug.