Manual:Generating 2D drawings: Difference between revisions

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{{Docnav|[[Manual:Preparing models for 3D printing|Preparing models for 3D printing]]|[[Manual:BIM modeling|BIM modeling]]|[[Manual:Introduction|Manual start]]|IconC=Crystal Clear manual.png}}
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When your model cannot be printed or milled directly by a machine, for example it is too big (a building) or it requires manual assembly after the pieces are ready, you will usually need to explain to another person how to do it. In technical fields (engineering, architecture, etc), this is usually done with drawings, that are handed over to the person responsible for assembling the final product, that will explain how to do it.
When your model cannot be printed or milled directly by a machine, for example it is too big (a building) or it requires manual assembly after the pieces are ready, you will usually need to explain to another person how to do it. In technical fields (engineering, architecture, etc), this is usually done with drawings. The drawings are handed over to the person responsible for assembling the final product and will explain how to do it.


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Typical examples are Ikea instructions, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_drawing architectural drawings] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueprint blueprints]. These drawings usually contain not only the drawing itself, but also many annotations, such as texts, dimensions, numbers, symbols that will help other people to understand what needs to be done and how.
Typical examples are Ikea instructions, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_drawing architectural drawings], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueprint blueprints]. These drawings usually contain not only the drawing itself, but also many annotations, such as text, dimensions, numbers, and symbols that will help other people to understand what needs to be done and how.


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In FreeCAD, the workbench responsible for making such drawings is the [[Drawing_Module|Drawing Workbench]].
In FreeCAD, the workbench responsible for making such drawings is the [[Image:Workbench_TechDraw.svg|24px]] [[TechDraw_Workbench|TechDraw Workbench]].


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The Drawing Workbench allows you to create sheets, which can be blank or use a pre-made [[Drawing_templates|template]] to already have a series of items on the sheet, such as borders and title. On these sheets, you can then place [[Drawing_View|views]] of the 3D objects you modeled previously, and configure how these views must appear on the sheet. Finally, thanks to an [https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD-addons addon] called [https://github.com/hamish2014/FreeCAD_drawing_dimensioning Drawing Dimensioning Workbench], you can also place all kinds of annotations on the sheet, such as dimensions, texts, and other usual symbols commonly used in technical drawings.
The TechDraw Workbench allows you to create sheets, which can be blank or use a pre-made [[TechDraw_Templates|template]] to already have a series of items on the sheet, such as borders and a title. On these sheets, you can then place views of the 3D objects you modeled previously, and configure how these views will appear on the sheet. You can also place all kinds of annotations on the sheet, such as dimensions, texts, and other symbols commonly used in technical drawings.


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In the following exercise, we will see how to create a simple drawing of a chair model found in the [https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD-library FreeCAD library] (Furniture -> Chairs -> IkeaChair). The FreeCAD library can easily be added to your FreeCAD installation (refer to the [[Manual:Installing|installing]] chapter of this manual), or you can simply download the model from the library webpage, or via the direct link provided at the bottom of this chapter.
In the following exercise, we will see how to create a simple drawing of a chair model found in the [https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD-library FreeCAD library] (Furniture Chairs IkeaLikeChair). The FreeCAD library can easily be added to your FreeCAD installation (refer to the [[Manual:Installing|installing]] chapter of this manual), or you can simply download the model from the library webpage, or via the direct link provided at the bottom of this chapter.


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[[Image:Exercise_drawing_01.jpg]]
[[Image:Exercise_TechDraw_01.svg]]


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* Load the IkeaChair file from the library. You can choose between the .FCStd version, which will load the full modeling history, or the .step version, which will create only one object, without the history. Since we won't need to model any further now, it is best to choose the .step version, as it will be easier to manipulate.
* Load the IkeaLikeChair file from the library. You can choose between the .[[File_Format_FCStd|FCStd]] version, which will load the full modeling history, or the .[[STEP|step]] version, which will create only one object, without the history. Since we won't need to model any further now, it is best to choose the .step version, as it will be easier to manipulate.


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* Switch to the [[Drawing_Module|Drawing Workbench]]
* Switch to the [[Image:Workbench_TechDraw.svg|24px]] [[TechDraw_Workbench|TechDraw Workbench]]
* Press the little arrow next to the [[Image:Drawing_Landscape_A3.png|16px]] [[Drawing_Landscape_A3|New Drawing Page]] button.
* Press the [[Image:TechDraw_PageTemplate.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_PageTemplate|TechDraw PageTemplate]] button.
* Select the '''A4 Portrait / ISO7200''' template. A new tab will open in your FreeCAD window, showing the new page.
* Select the '''A4_Portrait_ISO7200TD''' template. A new tab will open in your FreeCAD window, showing the new page.
* In the tree view (or in the model tab), select the chair model.
* In the [[tree view]] (or in the model tab), select the chair model. It will most likely be named something like "Open CASCADE STEP translator."
* Press the [[Image:Drawing_View.png|16px]] [[Drawing_View|Insert view]] button.
* Press the [[Image:TechDraw_View.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_View|TechDraw View]] button.
* A View object will be created on our page. Give the view the following properties:
* A View object will be created on our page. Select the view object in the tree view, and then give the view the following [[TechDraw_View#Properties|properties]] in the data tab of the combo view:
**Under the Base category:
** X: 100
** Y: 150
*** X: 70 mm
** Scale: 0.1
*** Y: 120 mm
** Rotation: 270
*** Rotation: 0
*** Scale: 0.1
* We now have a nice top view (which is the default projection) of our chair:
**Under the Projection category (hit the drop down arrow to modify the x, y, and z components of these properties individually):
*** Direction: [0 0 1]
*** XDirection: [0 -1 0] (Change the y field first, then the x field)
* We now have a nice top view of our chair. Hit the [[Image:TechDraw_ToggleFrame.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_ToggleFrame|TechDraw ToggleFrame]] button to turn the View frames, labels, and vertices off.
[[Image:Exercise_drawing_02.jpg]]
[[Image:Exercise_drawing_02.jpg]]
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* Let's repeat the operation twice, to create two more views. We will set their X and Y values, which indicate the position of the view on the page, in order to show them apart from the top view, and their direction, to create different view orientations. Give each new view the following properties:
* Let's repeat the operation twice, to create two more views. We will set their X and Y values, which indicate the position of the view on the page, in order to show them apart from the top view, and their direction, to create different view orientations. Give each new view the following properties:
** View001 (front view): X: 100, Y: 130, Scale: 0.1, Rotation: 90, Direction: (-1,0,0)
** View001 (front view): X: 70, Y: 220, Scale: 0.1, Rotation: 0, Direction: (-1,0,0), XDirection: (0,-1,0)
** View002 (side view): X: 180, Y: 130, Scale: 0.1, Rotation: 90, Direction: (0,-1,0)
** View002 (side view): X: 150, Y: 220, Scale: 0.1, Rotation: 0, Direction: (0,-1,0), XDirection: (1,0,0)
* After that, we obtain the following page:
* After that, we obtain the following page:
[[Image:Exercise_drawing_03.jpg]]
[[Image:Exercise_TechDraw_04.png]]


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* Note that there may be easier ways to get the views that you want. You can simply [[Manual:Navigating in the 3D view|rotate]] the 3D view of your model, and once you have the view you want, select the model in the tree view and hit [[Image:TechDraw_View.svg|16px]] New View. This will automatically insert a view with the desired rotation and direction properties. You can also use the [[Image:TechDraw_ProjectionGroup.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_ProjectionGroup|TechDraw ProjectionGroup]] tool.
* We can tweak the aspect of our views if we want, for example we can raise their '''Line Width''' property to 0.5.

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* We can tweak the aspect of our views if we want, for example we can change their '''Line Width''' property (under the View tab in the Combo View) to 0.5.


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We will now place dimensions and indications on our drawing. There are two ways to add dimensions to a model, one is placing the dimensions inside the 3D model, using the [[Image:Draft_Dimension.png|16px]] [[Draft_Dimension|Dimension]] tool of the [[Draft_Module|Draft Workbench]], and then place a view of these dimensions on our sheet with the [[Image:Drawing_DraftView.png|16px]] [[Drawing_DraftView|Draft View]] tool (which can be used with a single dimension or a group containing dimensions), or we can do things directly on the Drawing sheet, using the [https://github.com/hamish2014/FreeCAD_drawing_dimensioning Drawing Dimensioning Workbench], which is installable from the [https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD-addons FreeCAD addons]. We will use here this latter method.
We will now place dimensions and indications on our drawing. There are two ways to add dimensions to a model: one is placing the dimensions inside the 3D model, using the [[Image:Draft_Dimension.svg|16px]] [[Draft_Dimension|Dimension]] tool of the [[Draft_Workbench|Draft Workbench]], and then placing a view of these dimensions on our sheet with the [[Image:TechDraw_DraftView.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_DraftView|TechDraw DraftView]] tool. The other is to do things directly on the TechDraw sheet. We'll use the latter method.


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* Hit the [[Image:TechDraw_ToggleFrame.svg|16px]] Toggle button to turn the vertices on.
* Switch to the [https://github.com/hamish2014/FreeCAD_drawing_dimensioning Drawing Dimensioning Workbench]
* Use Ctrl + Left Mouse Click to select the two vertices you want to measure the distance between.
* Press the '''Add Linear Dimension''' button. Available nodes are highlighted in green on the drawing page:
* Hit the [[Image:TechDraw_LengthDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_LengthDimension|TechDraw LengthDimension]] button.


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[[Image:Exercise_drawing_04.jpg]]
[[Image:Exercise TechDraw 05.png]]


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* Click two of these points, then click a third point to place the dimension line:

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[[Image:Exercise_drawing_05.jpg]]


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* Repeat the operation, until all the dimensions you wish to indicate are placed. Use the [[Image:TechDraw_VerticalDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_VerticalDimension|TechDraw VerticalDimension]] and [[Image:TechDraw_HorizontalDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_HorizontalDimension|TechDraw HorizontalDimension]] tools as necessary.
* The Linear Dimension tool, as with most of the other Drawing Dimensioning tools, will not exit after you have finished, allowing you to place more dimensions. When you are done, simply click the '''Close''' button in the Task panel.
* Take a minute to look at the [[TechDraw_LengthDimension#Properties|properties]] of the Dimension object in the Combo View.
* Repeat the operation, until all the dimensions you wish to indicate are placed. Take a minute to browse through the different options proposed in the Linear Dimensions task panel. For example, by unticking the '''auto place text''' option, you will be able to place the text of the dimension elsewhere, like on the image below:
* Please note that if you are dimensioning an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axonometric_projection axonometric] view (e.g., isometric view) instead of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiview_projection multiview] view (e.g., front view) like we have done here, you will need to use the [[Image:TechDraw_LinkDimension.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_LinkDimension|TechDraw LinkDimension]] tool to get an accurate dimension.

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[[Image:Exercise_drawing_06.jpg]]


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[[Image:Exercise_TechDraw_07.png]]
* We will now place two indications, using the '''Welding/Groove symbols''' tool, selecting the default one (no groove symbol). Draw the two lines like on the image above.
* We will now place the two callouts shown in the image above, using the [[Image:TechDraw_Balloon.svg|16px]] [[TechDraw_Balloon|TechDraw Balloon]] tool.
* Now place two texts using the '''Add text''' tool, and change their '''text''' property to contents of your liking.
[[Image:Exercise TechDraw 06.png]]
* Our drawing is now complete, all that is left to do is to fill in the sheet title block. With most of the default FreeCAD templates, this can be done easily, by changing the '''Editable Texts''' property of the page.
# Looking at the Page in the [[3D_view|3D view]] window, select the View to which the Balloon will be attached, as shown in the image above.
# Press the [[Image:TechDraw Balloon.svg|16px]] Balloon button.
# The cursor is now displayed as a balloon icon. Click on the page to place the balloon origin at the desired position.
# The balloon bubble may be dragged to the desired position.
# Change the balloon properties by double clicking the balloon label or the balloon object in the [[Tree_view|tree view]]. This will open the Balloon Task dialog. Set the Value field to the desired text and change the Symbol drop-down menu selection to {{MenuCommand|None}}
# Press {{Button|OK}}
# Repeat the operation for the second callout.
* We will now fill in the sheet title block.
** Make sure that the View frames, labels, and vertices are visible. If not, hit the [[Image:TechDraw_ToggleFrame.svg|16px]] Toggle button.
** Edit the text in each section of the sheet title block by clicking on the small green square on the left side of the text.


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Our page can now be exported to SVG for further work in graphical applications like [http://www.inkscape.org Inkscape], or to DXF by selecting menu '''File -> Export'''. The Drawing Dimensioning workbench also features its own '''DXF export''' tool, which also supports the annotations added with that workbench. The DXF format is importable in almost all existing 2D CAD applications. Drawing pages can also be directly printed or exported to PDF.
Our page can now be exported to SVG for further work in graphical applications like [http://www.inkscape.org Inkscape] or to DXF. Select the page in the [[Tree_view|tree view]] and then select menu {{MenuCommand|File Export}}. The DXF format is importable in almost all existing 2D CAD applications. TechDraw pages can also be directly printed or exported to PDF.


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* The chair model: https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD-library/blob/master/Furniture/Chairs/IkeaLikeChair.step
* The file created during this exercise: [https://github.com/JoshuaCall/FreeCAD-manual/blob/master/files/drawing.FCStd drawing.FCStd]
* The file created during this exercise: https://github.com/yorikvanhavre/FreeCAD-manual/blob/master/files/drawing.FCStd
* The SVG sheet produced from that file: [https://github.com/JoshuaCall/FreeCAD-manual/blob/master/files/drawing.svg drawing.svg]
* The SVG sheet produced from that file: https://github.com/yorikvanhavre/FreeCAD-manual/blob/master/files/drawing.svg


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* [[Drawing_Module|The Drawing Workbench]]
* [[TechDraw_Workbench|The TechDraw workbench]]
* [[TechDraw_TemplateHowTo|Create custom templates]]
* [https://github.com/hamish2014/FreeCAD_drawing_dimensioning The Drawing Dimensioning Workbench]
* [[Basic_TechDraw_Tutorial|Another TechDraw tutorial]]
* [https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD-library The FreeCAD library]
* [https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD-library The FreeCAD library]
* [http://www.inkscape.org Inkscape]
* [http://www.inkscape.org Inkscape]


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'''Watch tutorials'''
[[Category:Tutorials]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LbOmSGW9F0&list=PLEuOia-QxyFKQnmM1U9yVo7eNrK_Mcln8 Sliptonic's TechDraw playlist]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cggBR1Ghq7k Symbols and Views]



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|[[Manual:BIM modeling|BIM modeling]]

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Revision as of 11:25, 21 October 2021

When your model cannot be printed or milled directly by a machine, for example it is too big (a building) or it requires manual assembly after the pieces are ready, you will usually need to explain to another person how to do it. In technical fields (engineering, architecture, etc), this is usually done with drawings. The drawings are handed over to the person responsible for assembling the final product and will explain how to do it.

Typical examples are Ikea instructions, architectural drawings, and blueprints. These drawings usually contain not only the drawing itself, but also many annotations, such as text, dimensions, numbers, and symbols that will help other people to understand what needs to be done and how.

In FreeCAD, the workbench responsible for making such drawings is the TechDraw Workbench.

The TechDraw Workbench allows you to create sheets, which can be blank or use a pre-made template to already have a series of items on the sheet, such as borders and a title. On these sheets, you can then place views of the 3D objects you modeled previously, and configure how these views will appear on the sheet. You can also place all kinds of annotations on the sheet, such as dimensions, texts, and other symbols commonly used in technical drawings.

Drawing sheets, once complete, can be printed or exported as SVG, PDF or DXF files.

In the following exercise, we will see how to create a simple drawing of a chair model found in the FreeCAD library (Furniture → Chairs → IkeaLikeChair). The FreeCAD library can easily be added to your FreeCAD installation (refer to the installing chapter of this manual), or you can simply download the model from the library webpage, or via the direct link provided at the bottom of this chapter.

  • Load the IkeaLikeChair file from the library. You can choose between the .FCStd version, which will load the full modeling history, or the .step version, which will create only one object, without the history. Since we won't need to model any further now, it is best to choose the .step version, as it will be easier to manipulate.

  • Switch to the TechDraw Workbench
  • Press the TechDraw PageTemplate button.
  • Select the A4_Portrait_ISO7200TD template. A new tab will open in your FreeCAD window, showing the new page.
  • In the tree view (or in the model tab), select the chair model. It will most likely be named something like "Open CASCADE STEP translator."
  • Press the TechDraw View button.
  • A View object will be created on our page. Select the view object in the tree view, and then give the view the following properties in the data tab of the combo view:
    • Under the Base category:
      • X: 70 mm
      • Y: 120 mm
      • Rotation: 0
      • Scale: 0.1
    • Under the Projection category (hit the drop down arrow to modify the x, y, and z components of these properties individually):
      • Direction: [0 0 1]
      • XDirection: [0 -1 0] (Change the y field first, then the x field)
  • We now have a nice top view of our chair. Hit the TechDraw ToggleFrame button to turn the View frames, labels, and vertices off.

  • Let's repeat the operation twice, to create two more views. We will set their X and Y values, which indicate the position of the view on the page, in order to show them apart from the top view, and their direction, to create different view orientations. Give each new view the following properties:
    • View001 (front view): X: 70, Y: 220, Scale: 0.1, Rotation: 0, Direction: (-1,0,0), XDirection: (0,-1,0)
    • View002 (side view): X: 150, Y: 220, Scale: 0.1, Rotation: 0, Direction: (0,-1,0), XDirection: (1,0,0)
  • After that, we obtain the following page:

  • Note that there may be easier ways to get the views that you want. You can simply rotate the 3D view of your model, and once you have the view you want, select the model in the tree view and hit New View. This will automatically insert a view with the desired rotation and direction properties. You can also use the TechDraw ProjectionGroup tool.
  • We can tweak the aspect of our views if we want, for example we can change their Line Width property (under the View tab in the Combo View) to 0.5.

We will now place dimensions and indications on our drawing. There are two ways to add dimensions to a model: one is placing the dimensions inside the 3D model, using the Dimension tool of the Draft Workbench, and then placing a view of these dimensions on our sheet with the TechDraw DraftView tool. The other is to do things directly on the TechDraw sheet. We'll use the latter method.

  • Hit the Toggle button to turn the vertices on.
  • Use Ctrl + Left Mouse Click to select the two vertices you want to measure the distance between.
  • Hit the TechDraw LengthDimension button.


  • We will now place the two callouts shown in the image above, using the TechDraw Balloon tool.

  1. Looking at the Page in the 3D view window, select the View to which the Balloon will be attached, as shown in the image above.
  2. Press the Balloon button.
  3. The cursor is now displayed as a balloon icon. Click on the page to place the balloon origin at the desired position.
  4. The balloon bubble may be dragged to the desired position.
  5. Change the balloon properties by double clicking the balloon label or the balloon object in the tree view. This will open the Balloon Task dialog. Set the Value field to the desired text and change the Symbol drop-down menu selection to None
  6. Press OK
  7. Repeat the operation for the second callout.
  • We will now fill in the sheet title block.
    • Make sure that the View frames, labels, and vertices are visible. If not, hit the Toggle button.
    • Edit the text in each section of the sheet title block by clicking on the small green square on the left side of the text.

Our page can now be exported to SVG for further work in graphical applications like Inkscape or to DXF. Select the page in the tree view and then select menu File → Export. The DXF format is importable in almost all existing 2D CAD applications. TechDraw pages can also be directly printed or exported to PDF.

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