Draft tutorial/tr: Difference between revisions
(Updating to match new version of source page) |
(Updating to match new version of source page) |
||
Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
== Introduction == |
== Introduction == |
||
This tutorial is meant to introduce the reader to the basic workflow of the [[Draft_Module|Draft Workbench]], which includes the creation of profiles, the use of working planes, and the creation of dimensions, text and annotations. This tutorial uses the notation '''(X, Y, Z)''' to denote the coordinates required to define points in an object. |
This tutorial is meant to introduce the reader to the basic workflow of the [[Image:Workbench_Draft.svg|24px]] [[Draft_Module|Draft Workbench]], which includes the creation of profiles, the use of working planes, and the creation of dimensions, text and annotations. This tutorial uses the notation '''(X, Y, Z)''' to denote the coordinates required to define points in an object. |
||
[[Image:Draft_tutorial_result.png|480px]] |
[[Image:Draft_tutorial_result.png|480px|center]] |
||
== Requirements == |
== Requirements == |
||
* FreeCAD version 0.16 or above |
* FreeCAD version 0.16 or above |
||
* |
* It's assumed the reader has familiarity with the FreeCAD interface [[Property editor]] in the [[Combo view]], specifically the '''Data''' and '''View''' tabs to change an element's properties if desired. |
||
== Procedure == |
== Procedure == |
||
It is compulsory to make sure the '''Draft Snap toolbar''' |
It is compulsory to make sure the [[Draft_Snap|'''Draft Snap toolbar''']] is activated in the FreeCAD interface to use in this tutorial. To make the toolbar appear follow the following steps: |
||
# Start '''FreeCAD''' |
# Start '''FreeCAD''' |
||
# If you haven't opened a new FreeCAD document (most of the FreeCAD window looks greyed-out), from the pull-down menu click File > New or click the |
# If you haven't opened a new FreeCAD document (most of the FreeCAD window looks greyed-out), from the pull-down menu click {{MenuCommand|File > New}} or click the [[Image:Std_New.svg|24px]] [[Std New|Create A New Document]] tool. |
||
# Activate the '''Draft Workbench''' |
# Activate the [[Image:Workbench_Draft.svg|24px]] [[Draft Workbench|'''Draft Workbench''']] |
||
# Select the {{MenuCommand|{{StdMenu|[[Std Menu Edit|Edit]]}} → Preferences → Draft → Grid and snapping ''tab''}} |
|||
# Select the '''Edit''' menu |
|||
# Click on '''Preferences''' |
|||
# Go to '''Draft''' and select the '''Grid and snapping''' tab |
|||
# Verify that the '''Show Draft Snap toolbar''' is active |
# Verify that the '''Show Draft Snap toolbar''' is active |
||
Note that you can change the visibility of the '''Grid''' in this menu, in case you wish to disable it. |
'''Note:''' that you can change the visibility of the '''Grid''' in this same menu, in case you wish to disable it. |
||
== Using Planes == |
|||
Planes are used to restrict the behaviour of the Draft tools to a specific plane, avoiding problems with the location of points and curves in complex workpieces. |
Planes are used to restrict the behaviour of the Draft tools to a specific plane, avoiding problems with the location of points and curves in complex workpieces. |
||
Planes can reference the axes of the coordinate system '''(XY, YZ, ...)''' or they can use a planar surface in the document as its reference. |
Planes can reference the axes of the coordinate system '''(XY, YZ, ...)''' or they can use a planar surface in the document as its reference. |
||
# Select [[Image:Draft_SelectPlane. |
# Select [[Image:Draft_SelectPlane.svg|24px]] [[Draft_SelectPlane|Set working plane]]. It can be located within the '''Draft workbench toolbar''' or inside the {{MenuCommand|Draft → Utilities}} |
||
# |
# Select the '''XY''' plane |
||
== Creating Profiles == |
|||
The creation of profiles can be done in several ways. Though it is possible to use simple '''arcs''' and '''lines''' to do most of the work, FreeCAD includes several tools to speed up the process. |
The creation of profiles can be done in several ways. Though it is possible to use simple '''arcs''' and '''lines''' to do most of the work, FreeCAD includes several tools to speed up the process. |
||
=== Lines and Arcs === |
|||
# Select [[Image:Draft_Arc. |
# Select [[Image:Draft_Arc.svg|24px]] [[Draft_Arc|Arc]]. |
||
# Set the '''center''' at '''(0, 0, 0)''' |
# Set the '''center''' at '''(0, 0, 0)''' |
||
# Set the '''radius''' to 30 mm |
# Set the '''radius''' to 30 mm |
||
Line 52: | Line 50: | ||
We will now close the profile with a couple of lines. |
We will now close the profile with a couple of lines. |
||
# Select [[Image:Draft_Line. |
# Select [[Image:Draft_Line.svg|24px]] [[Draft_Line|Line]]. |
||
# Approach the '''Endpoint''' of either arc. A white point should appear, alongside this |
# Approach the '''[[Draft Endpoint|Endpoint]]''' of either arc. A white point should appear, alongside this [[Image:Snap_Endpoint.svg|24px]] icon when your cursor approaches the endpoint. |
||
# Select the endpoint of the other arc. |
# Select the endpoint of the other arc. |
||
# Repeat for the other side of the arcs. |
# Repeat for the other side of the arcs. |
||
We now have several curves that detail a profile, however it is still not recognized as a single entity. It is possible to continue working with the elements intact, though in this case we will fuse them into a single object. |
'''Result:''' We now have several curves that detail a profile, however it is still not recognized as a single entity. It is possible to continue working with the elements intact, though in this case we will fuse them into a single object. |
||
The following actions will alter the way the objects behave, making it hard to edit their properties, so it is best to do any necessary modifications before proceeding. |
'''Note:''' The following actions will alter the way the objects behave, making it hard to edit their properties, so it is best to do any necessary modifications before proceeding. |
||
# Select an arc and while pressing the |
# Select an arc and while pressing the {{KEY|Ctrl}} key select the two line segments and the other arc. |
||
# With these four objects selected, click on [[Image:Draft_Upgrade. |
# With these four objects selected, click on the [[Image:Draft_Upgrade.svg|24px]] [[Draft_Upgrade|Upgrade]] button. |
||
This will upgrade the four objects into a single '''Wire'''. |
'''Result:''' This will upgrade the four objects into a single '''Wire'''. |
||
=== Planes, Rectangles and Circles === |
|||
# Click [[Image:Draft_Rectangle. |
# Click the [[Image:Draft_Rectangle.svg|24px]] [[Draft_Rectangle|Rectangle]] button |
||
# Set the first point on '''(-100, -60, 0)'''. (If Relative appears checked after setting this point |
# Set the first point on '''(-100, -60, 0)'''. (If Relative appears checked after setting this point deselect it before setting the second point). |
||
# Set the second point on '''(140, 90, 0)''' |
# Set the second point on '''(140, 90, 0)''' |
||
'''Result:''' is a '''Plane'''. Its [[Property editor|properties]] can be modified to remove the '''filling''', by changing its {{PropertyData|Display Mode}} to '''Wireframe'''. |
|||
# Select [[Image:Draft_Circle. |
# Select the [[Image:Draft_Circle.svg|24px]] button. |
||
# Set the center to '''(0, 0, 0)''' |
# Set the center to '''(0, 0, 0)''' |
||
# Set the radius to 15 mm |
# Set the radius to 15 mm |
||
=== Polygons === |
|||
# Select [[Image:Draft_Polygon. |
# Select the [[Image:Draft_Polygon.svg|24px]] [[Draft_Polygon|Polygon]] button. |
||
# The center point is located at '''(0, 0, 0)''' |
# The center point is located at '''(0, 0, 0)''' |
||
# Set the number of sides to 6 |
# Set the number of sides to 6 |
||
# Set the radius to 50 mm |
# Set the radius to 50 mm |
||
=== Arrays === |
|||
Arrays are used to replicate an object several times in a direction, a revolution axis or along a path. |
Arrays are used to replicate an object several times in a direction, a revolution axis or along a path. |
||
# Select the '''Wire''' that was previously created |
# Select the '''Wire''' that was previously created |
||
# Click [[Image:Draft_Array. |
# Click [[Image:Draft_Array.svg|24px]] [[Draft_Array|Array]] |
||
# In the '''Data''' tab of the object, change the Array type from '''ortho''' to '''polar''' |
# In the [[Property_editor#Data|'''Data''']] tab of the object, change the {{PropertyData|Array type}} from '''ortho''' to '''polar''' |
||
# Change |
# Change {{PropertyData|Number Polar}} from 1 to 4 |
||
=== Adding Dimensions === |
=== Adding Dimensions === |
||
Dimensions require a constant use of '''Snapping Constraints''' to properly select the points that one wishes to dimension. The '''Snapping toolbar''' is used to change the possible points that can be selected. |
Dimensions require a constant use of '''Snapping Constraints''' to properly select the points that one wishes to dimension. The '''Snapping toolbar''' is used to change the possible points that can be selected. |
||
# Select [[Image:Draft_Dimension. |
# Select [[Image:Draft_Dimension.svg|32px]] [[Draft_Dimension|Dimension]] |
||
# Select the first point. This can be either an existing element or specified by coordinates. For this tutorial, the first point will always be '''(0, 0, 0)''' |
# Select the first point. This can be either an existing element or specified by coordinates. For this tutorial, the first point will always be '''(0, 0, 0)''' |
||
# Select the second point. Approach the midpoint of the top line of the polygon. A white point should appear alongside this icon [[Image:Snap_Midpoint. |
# Select the second point. Approach the [[Draft Midpoint|midpoint]] of the top line of the polygon. A white point should appear alongside this icon [[Image:Snap_Midpoint.svg|32px]] |
||
# Move the cursor to the desired location of the dimension and click on it. |
# Move the cursor to the desired location of the dimension and click on it. |
||
# Change the font size on the '''View''' tab to 6 mm |
# Change the font size on the [[Property_editor#View|'''View''' tab]] to 6 mm |
||
Repeat the process for the arcs and circles. |
Repeat the process for the arcs and circles. |
||
Line 106: | Line 104: | ||
==== Annotations ==== |
==== Annotations ==== |
||
# Select [[Image:Draft_Text. |
# Select the [[Image:Draft_Text.svg|24px]] [[Draft_Text|Text]] button. |
||
# Select the reference point in the |
# Select the reference point in the [[3D View]]. In this case, the [[Draft Midpoint|midpoint]] of the top arc. |
||
# Enter your text and press |
# Enter your text and press {{KEY|Enter}} |
||
# Repeat for as many lines of text as you wish to input. |
|||
# Press |
# Press {{KEY|Enter}} |
||
==== Text ==== |
==== Text ==== |
||
# Select [[Image:Draft_ShapeString. |
# Select the [[Image:Draft_ShapeString.svg|24px]] [[Draft_ShapeString|ShapeString]] button. |
||
# Select the reference point in the '''3D View'''. This can be an existing point or the current cursor location. |
# Select the reference point in the '''3D View'''. This can be an existing point or the current cursor location. |
||
# Enter your text and press |
# Enter your text and press {{KEY|Enter}} |
||
# Set the desired font size |
# Set the desired font size |
||
# Leave tracking at 0 mm |
# Leave tracking at 0 mm |
||
Line 120: | Line 119: | ||
=== Creating Blueprints === |
=== Creating Blueprints === |
||
To create blueprints, it is necessary to create a ''' |
To create blueprints, it is necessary to create a '''Technical Drawing''' with the elements that you wish to use. Please read the <s>[[Drawing tutorial]]</s> for a detailed description. |
||
'''Important Note:''' Drawing WB was deprecated in FreeCAD v0.16 and replaced by the [[TechDraw Workbench]]. Although the author of this tutorial also created the Drawing Tutorial, it would be better for the reader to familiarize themselves with Basic tutorials of TechDraw, such as [[Basic_TechDraw_Tutorial]]. |
|||
⚫ | |||
==End== |
|||
⚫ | |||
== Recommended Lectures == |
== Recommended Lectures == |
||
* For a detailed description of the workbench, please see [[Draft Module|Draft |
* For a detailed description of the workbench, please see [[Draft Module|Draft Workbench]] |
||
* To know more about the '''Snapping''' controls, see [[Draft Snap|Draft Snap]] |
* To know more about the '''Snapping''' controls, see [[Draft Snap|Draft Snap]] |
||
Revision as of 14:06, 15 February 2020
Kılavuz |
Konu |
---|
Drafting |
Seviye |
Beginner |
Tamamlanma süresi |
20 minutes |
Yazarlar |
Drei |
FreeCAD Sürümü |
0.16 or above |
Örnek dosyalar |
None |
Ayrıca bakınız |
None |
Introduction
This tutorial is meant to introduce the reader to the basic workflow of the Draft Workbench, which includes the creation of profiles, the use of working planes, and the creation of dimensions, text and annotations. This tutorial uses the notation (X, Y, Z) to denote the coordinates required to define points in an object.
Requirements
- FreeCAD version 0.16 or above
- It's assumed the reader has familiarity with the FreeCAD interface Property editor in the Combo view, specifically the Data and View tabs to change an element's properties if desired.
Procedure
It is compulsory to make sure the Draft Snap toolbar is activated in the FreeCAD interface to use in this tutorial. To make the toolbar appear follow the following steps:
- Start FreeCAD
- If you haven't opened a new FreeCAD document (most of the FreeCAD window looks greyed-out), from the pull-down menu click File > New or click the Create A New Document tool.
- Activate the Draft Workbench
- Select the Edit → Preferences → Draft → Grid and snapping tab
- Verify that the Show Draft Snap toolbar is active
Note: that you can change the visibility of the Grid in this same menu, in case you wish to disable it.
Using Planes
Planes are used to restrict the behaviour of the Draft tools to a specific plane, avoiding problems with the location of points and curves in complex workpieces. Planes can reference the axes of the coordinate system (XY, YZ, ...) or they can use a planar surface in the document as its reference.
- Select Set working plane. It can be located within the Draft workbench toolbar or inside the Draft → Utilities
- Select the XY plane
Creating Profiles
The creation of profiles can be done in several ways. Though it is possible to use simple arcs and lines to do most of the work, FreeCAD includes several tools to speed up the process.
Lines and Arcs
- Select Arc.
- Set the center at (0, 0, 0)
- Set the radius to 30 mm
- The starting angle is 60.0°
- The aperture is 60.0°
Repeat the same procedure for a second arc with a radius of 25 mm, the other properties remain unchanged.
We will now close the profile with a couple of lines.
- Select Line.
- Approach the Endpoint of either arc. A white point should appear, alongside this File:Snap Endpoint.svg icon when your cursor approaches the endpoint.
- Select the endpoint of the other arc.
- Repeat for the other side of the arcs.
Result: We now have several curves that detail a profile, however it is still not recognized as a single entity. It is possible to continue working with the elements intact, though in this case we will fuse them into a single object.
Note: The following actions will alter the way the objects behave, making it hard to edit their properties, so it is best to do any necessary modifications before proceeding.
- Select an arc and while pressing the Ctrl key select the two line segments and the other arc.
- With these four objects selected, click on the Upgrade button.
Result: This will upgrade the four objects into a single Wire.
Planes, Rectangles and Circles
- Click the Rectangle button
- Set the first point on (-100, -60, 0). (If Relative appears checked after setting this point deselect it before setting the second point).
- Set the second point on (140, 90, 0)
Result: is a Plane. Its properties can be modified to remove the filling, by changing its VeriDisplay Mode to Wireframe.
Polygons
- Select the Polygon button.
- The center point is located at (0, 0, 0)
- Set the number of sides to 6
- Set the radius to 50 mm
Arrays
Arrays are used to replicate an object several times in a direction, a revolution axis or along a path.
- Select the Wire that was previously created
- Click Array
- In the Data tab of the object, change the VeriArray type from ortho to polar
- Change VeriNumber Polar from 1 to 4
Adding Dimensions
Dimensions require a constant use of Snapping Constraints to properly select the points that one wishes to dimension. The Snapping toolbar is used to change the possible points that can be selected.
- Select Dimension
- Select the first point. This can be either an existing element or specified by coordinates. For this tutorial, the first point will always be (0, 0, 0)
- Select the second point. Approach the midpoint of the top line of the polygon. A white point should appear alongside this icon File:Snap Midpoint.svg
- Move the cursor to the desired location of the dimension and click on it.
- Change the font size on the View tab to 6 mm
Repeat the process for the arcs and circles.
Annotations and Text
There is a slight difference between the two: it is only possible to use the second one as a profile to perform 3D operations.
Annotations
- Select the Text button.
- Select the reference point in the 3D View. In this case, the midpoint of the top arc.
- Enter your text and press Enter
- Repeat for as many lines of text as you wish to input.
- Press Enter
Text
- Select the ShapeString button.
- Select the reference point in the 3D View. This can be an existing point or the current cursor location.
- Enter your text and press Enter
- Set the desired font size
- Leave tracking at 0 mm
- Select the path to the font file that you wish to use
Creating Blueprints
To create blueprints, it is necessary to create a Technical Drawing with the elements that you wish to use. Please read the Drawing tutorial for a detailed description.
Important Note: Drawing WB was deprecated in FreeCAD v0.16 and replaced by the TechDraw Workbench. Although the author of this tutorial also created the Drawing Tutorial, it would be better for the reader to familiarize themselves with Basic tutorials of TechDraw, such as Basic_TechDraw_Tutorial.
End
We are now finished with the basic workflow for the Draft Workbench.
Recommended Lectures
- For a detailed description of the workbench, please see Draft Workbench
- To know more about the Snapping controls, see Draft Snap
- Drafting: Line, Polyline, Fillet, Arc, Arc by 3 points, Circle, Ellipse, Rectangle, Polygon, B-spline, Cubic Bézier curve, Bézier curve, Point, Facebinder, ShapeString, Hatch
- Annotation: Text, Dimension, Label, Annotation styles, Annotation scale
- Modification: Move, Rotate, Scale, Mirror, Offset, Trimex, Stretch, Clone, Array, Polar array, Circular array, Path array, Path link array, Point array, Point link array, Edit, Subelement highlight, Join, Split, Upgrade, Downgrade, Wire to B-spline, Draft to sketch, Set slope, Flip dimension, Shape 2D view
- Draft Tray: Select plane, Set style, Toggle construction mode, AutoGroup
- Snapping: Snap lock, Snap endpoint, Snap midpoint, Snap center, Snap angle, Snap intersection, Snap perpendicular, Snap extension, Snap parallel, Snap special, Snap near, Snap ortho, Snap grid, Snap working plane, Snap dimensions, Toggle grid
- Miscellaneous: Apply current style, Layer, Manage layers, Add a new named group, Move to group, Select group, Add to construction group, Toggle normal/wireframe display, Create working plane proxy, Heal, Show snap toolbar
- Additional: Constraining, Pattern, Preferences, Import Export Preferences, DXF/DWG, SVG, OCA, DAT
- Context menu:
- Layer container: Merge layer duplicates, Add new layer
- Layer: Activate this layer, Select layer contents
- Text: Open hyperlinks
- Wire: Flatten
- Working plane proxy: Write camera position, Write objects state
- Getting started
- Installation: Download, Windows, Linux, Mac, Additional components, Docker, AppImage, Ubuntu Snap
- Basics: About FreeCAD, Interface, Mouse navigation, Selection methods, Object name, Preferences, Workbenches, Document structure, Properties, Help FreeCAD, Donate
- Help: Tutorials, Video tutorials
- Workbenches: Std Base, Arch, Assembly, CAM, Draft, FEM, Inspection, Mesh, OpenSCAD, Part, PartDesign, Points, Reverse Engineering, Robot, Sketcher, Spreadsheet, Start, Surface, TechDraw, Test Framework, Web
- Hubs: User hub, Power users hub, Developer hub