Arch Wall/zh-cn

Arch Structure

Arch

建筑墙体
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Arch
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W A
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Arch Structure

描述

利用此工具可从头或基于其他几何图形（shape）或网格（mesh）对象来构建墙体。构建墙体并非一定要基于其他对象，仅需长、宽、高三种属性来描述其长方体外观即可。在利用存在的几何图形构建墙体时，可以以下列对象为基础：

• 线性2D对象，例如线段、连线、弧线或草图，在利用这些对象绘制墙体时，您可以改变墙体的厚度，对齐方式(右对齐、左对齐或居中对齐)及其高度。唯独长度属性不可更改。
• 平面，在利用此对象绘制墙体时，您只能改变高度属性。而无法更改长度与宽度属性。如果所基于的平面是一个顶点，however, the wall will use the width property instead of height, allowing you to build walls from space-like objects or mass studies.
• 实体，在利用此对象绘制墙体时，长、宽、高三种属性皆不可改变。墙体简单地用此实体作为其外观形状。
• 网格，在利用此对象绘制墙体时，所基于的网格必须为一个闭合、manifold的实体。

基于线段、连线、平面、实体与草图来构建墙体

我们也可以对的墙体执行添加或移除操作。在执行添加操作时，将令其他对象的形状与墙体相融；移除则是从墙体中去除目标对象。利用Arch Add与Arch Remove工具即可实现墙体的增减操作。Additions and subtractions have no influence over wall parameters such as height and width, which can still be changed. Walls can also have their height automatic, if they are included into a higher-level object such as floors. The height must be kept at 0, then the wall will adopt the height specified in the parent object.

当若干墙体相交的时候，您需要将它们置于同一楼层（floor）上，再实现它们在几何方面上的相交。

如何使用

从头绘制墙体

1. 按下 Arch Wall按钮，或先后依次按下W与 A键
2. 在3D视图中点选第一个点，或输入一个 坐标
3. 在3D视图中点选第二个点，或输入一个 坐标

在所选对象的基础之上绘制墙体

1. 选择一个或多个基础几何对象(底图对象、草图等等)
2. 按下 Arch Wall按钮，或先后依次按下W与A键
3. 调整需要修改的属性，如高度或宽度。

选项

• Walls share the common properties and behaviours of all Arch Components
• The height, width and alignment of a wall can be set during drawing, via the task panel
• When snapping a wall to an existing wall, both walls will be joined into one. The way the two walls are joined depends on their properties: If they have the same width, height and alignment, and if the option "join base sketches" is enabled in the Arch preferences, the resulting wall will be one object based on a sketch made of several segments. Otherwise, the latter wall will be added to the first one as addition.
• Press X, Y or Z after the first point to constrain the second point on the given axis.
• To enter coordinates manually, simply enter the numbers, then press Enter between each X, Y and Z component.
• Press R or click the checkbox to check/uncheck the Relative button. If relative mode is on, the coordinates of the second point are relative to the first one. If not, they are absolute, taken from the (0,0,0) origin point.
• Press Shift while drawing to constrain your second point horizontally or vertically in relation to the first one.
• Press Esc or the Cancel button to abort the current command.
• Double-clicking on the wall in the tree view after it is created allows you to enter edit mode and access and modify its additions and subtractions
• Multi-layer walls can be easily created by building several walls from the same baseline. By setting their Align property to either left or right, and specifying an Offset value, you can effectively construct several wall layers. Placing a window in such a wall layer will propagate the opening to the other wall layers based on the same baseline.
• Walls can also make use of Multi-Materials. When using a multi-material, the wall will become multi-layer, using the thicknesses specified by the multi-material. Any layer with a thickness of zero will have its thickness defined automatically by the remaining space defined by the Wall's Width value, after subtracting the other layers.
• Walls can be made to display blocks, instead of one single solid, by turning their 数据Make Blocks property on. The size and offset of blocks can be configured with different properties, and the amount of blocks is automatically calculated.

Snapping

Snapping works a bit differently with Arch walls than other Arch and Draft objects. If a wall has a baseline object, snapping will anchor to the base object, instead of the wall geometry, allowing to easily align walls by their baseline. If, however, you specifically want to snap to the wall geometry, pressing Ctrl will switch snapping to the wall object.

Second wall snapping perpendicularly to the first one

属性

Wall objects inherit the properties of Part objects, and also have the following extra properties:

Data

Blocks

• 数据Block Height: The height of each block.
• 数据Block Length: The length of each block.
• 数据Count Broken: The number of broken blocks (read-only).
• 数据Count Entire: The number of entire blocks (read-only).
• 数据Joint: The size of the joints, the empty space, between blocks.
• 数据Make Blocks: Enables block generation.
• 数据Offset First: The horizontal offset of the first and every uneven line of blocks.
• 数据Offset Second: The horizontal offset of the second and every even line of blocks.

Component

• 数据Base: The base object this wall is built on.

Wall

• 数据Align: The alignment of the wall on its baseline: Left, Right or Center.
• 数据Area: Area of the whole wall, separation into blocks makes no difference (read-only).
• 数据Face: The index of the face from the base object to use. If the value is not set or 0, the whole object is used.
• 数据Height: The height of the wall. Ignored if the wall is based on a solid. If set to zero, and the wall is inside a floor object with its height defined, the wall will automatically take the value of the floor height.
• 数据Length: The length of the wall. Read-only if the wall is not based on an unconstrained sketch with a single edge, or on a Draft Wire with a single edge.
• 数据Normal: The extrusion direction for the wall. If set to (0,0,0), the extrusion direction is automatic.
• 数据Offset: The distance between the wall and its baseline. Works only if the Align property is set to Right or Left.
• 数据Override Align:
• 数据Override Width:
• 数据Width: The width of the wall. Ignored if the wall is based on a face or a solid.

Scripting

脚本

参见: Arch API 与 FreeCAD Scripting Basics.

借助下列函数即可在宏与Python控制台中使用墙体工具：

Wall = makeWall(baseobj=None, length=None, width=None, height=None, align="Center", face=None, name="Wall")

• Creates a Wall object from the given baseobj, which can be a Draft object, a Sketch, a face, or a solid.
  • If no baseobj is given, you can provide the numerical values for the length, width (thickness), and height.
  • If given, face can be used to give the index of a face from the underlying object, to build this wall on, instead of using the whole object.
• align can be "Center", "Left" or "Right".
• It returns None if the operation fails.

示例:

import FreeCAD, Draft, Arch

p1 = FreeCAD.Vector(0, 0, 0)
p2 = FreeCAD.Vector(2000, 0, 0)
baseline = Draft.makeLine(p1, p2)
Wall1 = Arch.makeWall(baseline, length=None, width=150, height=2000)
FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.recompute()

Wall2 = Arch.makeWall(None, length=2000, width=200, height=1000)
Draft.move(Wall2, FreeCAD.Vector(0, -1000, 0))
FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.recompute()

Arch Structure

Arch

Arch

• Elements: Wall, Structure, Curtain Wall, Window, Roof, Space, Stairs, Equipment, Frame, Fence, Truss, Profile, Pipe, Pipe Connector
• Reinforcements: Straight Rebar, U-Shape Rebar, L-Shape Rebar, Stirrup, Bent-Shape Rebar, Helical Rebar, Column Reinforcement, Beam Reinforcement, Slab Reinforcement, Footing Reinforcement, Custom Rebar
• Panels: Panel, Panel Cut, Panel Sheet, Nest
• Materials: Material, Multi-Material
• Organization: Building Part, Project, Site, Building, Level, External reference, Section Plane, Schedule
• Axes: Axis, Axes system, Grid

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• Modification: Cut with plane, Add component, Remove component, Survey

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• Utilities: Component, Clone component, Split Mesh, Mesh to Shape, Select non-manifold meshes, Remove Shape from Arch, Close Holes, Merge Walls, Check, Toggle IFC Brep flag, 3 Views from mesh, Create IFC spreadsheet, Toggle Subcomponents
• Additional: Preferences, Import Export Preferences (IFC, DAE, OBJ, JSON, 3DS, SHP), IfcOpenShell, IfcPlusPlus, Arch API

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• Getting started
• Installation: Download, Windows, Linux, Mac, Additional components, Docker, AppImage, Ubuntu Snap
• Basics: About FreeCAD, Interface, Mouse navigation, Selection methods, Object name, Preferences, Workbenches, Document structure, Properties, Help FreeCAD, Donate

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• Workbenches: Std Base, Arch, Assembly, CAM, Draft, FEM, Inspection, Mesh, OpenSCAD, Part, PartDesign, Points, Reverse Engineering, Robot, Sketcher, Spreadsheet, Start, Surface, TechDraw, Test Framework, Web

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