Atelierul Draft (Desen 2D)
Introduction
Introducere
Atelierul Draft vă permite desenarea rapidă a unor obiecte bidimensionale în documentul curent şi oferă mai multe unelte pentru modificarea lor ulterioară. De asemenea, oferă instrumente pentru a defini un plan de lucru, o rețea și un sistem de ancorare pentru a controla precis poziția geometriei dvs.
Obiectele create 2D pot fi folosite pentru redactarea generală într-un mod similar cu Inkscape sau Autocad. Aceste forme 2D pot fi de asemenea utilizate ca componente de bază ale obiectelor 3D create cu alte ateliere de lucru, de exemplu, Part și Arch Workbench. Este, de asemenea, posibilă transformarea de obiecte Draft în Sketches, ceea ce înseamnă că formele pot fi de asemenea utilizate cu PartDesign Workbench pentru crearea de corpuri solide.
The Draft Workbench also provides tools to define a working plane, a grid, and a snapping system to precisely control the position of geometry.
FreeCAD este în primul rând o aplicație de modelare 3D și, prin urmare, instrumentele sale 2D nu sunt la fel de avansate ca în cazul altor programe de desenare. Dacă obiectivul dvs. principal este producerea de desene complexe 2D și fișiere DXF și nu aveți nevoie de modelare 3D, vă recomandăm să luați în considerare un program software dedicat pentru redactarea tehnică, cum ar fi LibreCAD, QCad, TurboCad, ș.a.m.d.
The image shows the grid aligned with the XY plane.
On the left, in white, several planar objects.
On the right a non-planar Draft Wire used as the Path Object of a Draft PathArray.
Drafting
Line: creates a straight line.
Polyline: creates a polyline, a sequence of several connected line segments.
Fillet: creates a fillet, a rounded corner, or a chamfer, a straight edge, between two Draft Lines. introduced in version 0.19
Arc tools
- Arc: creates a circular arc from a center, a radius, a start angle and an aperture angle.
Arc by 3 points: creates a circular arc from three points that define its circumference. introduced in version 0.19
Circle: creates a circle from a center and a radius.
Ellipse: creates an ellipse from two points defining a rectangle in which the ellipse will fit.
Rectangle: creates a rectangle from two points.
Polygon: creates a regular polygon from a center and a radius.
B-spline: creates a B-spline curve from several points.
Bézier tools
- Cubic Bézier curve: creates a Bézier curve of the third degree. introduced in version 0.19
Bézier curve: creates a Bézier curve from several points.
Point: creates a simple point.
Facebinder: creates a surface object from selected faces.
ShapeString: creates a compound shape that represents a text string.
Hatch: creates hatches on the planar faces of a selected object. introduced in version 0.20
Annotation
Text: creates a multi-line text at a given point.
Dimension: creates a linear dimension, a radial dimension or an angular dimension.
Label: creates a multi-line text with a 2-segment leader line and an arrow.
Annotation styles...: allows you to define styles that affect the visual properties of annotation-like objects. introduced in version 0.19
Modification
Move: moves or copies selected objects from one point to another.
Rotate: rotates or copies selected objects around a center point by a given angle.
Scale: scales or copies selected objects around a base point.
Mirror: creates mirrored copies from selected objects.
Offset: offsets each segment of a selected object over a given distance, or creates an offset copy of the selected object.
Trimex: trims or extends a selected object.
Stretch: stretches objects by moving selected points.
Clone: creates linked copies, clones, of selected objects.
Array tools
- Array: creates an orthogonal array from a selected object. It can optionally create a Link array. introduced in version 0.19
Polar array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along a circumference. It can optionally create a Link array. introduced in version 0.19
Circular array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along concentric circumferences. It can optionally create a Link array. introduced in version 0.19
Path array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along a path.
Path Link array: idem, but create a Link array instead of a regular array. introduced in version 0.19
Point Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies at the points from a point compound.
Point Link array: idem, but create a Link array instead of a regular array. introduced in version 0.19
Edit: puts selected objects in Draft Edit mode. In this mode the properties of objects can be edited graphically.
Subelement highlight: temporarily highlights selected objects, or the base objects of selected objects.
Join: joins Draft Lines and Draft Wires into a single wire.
Split: splits a Draft Line or Draft Wire at a specified point or edge.
Upgrade: upgrades selected objects.
Downgrade: downgrades selected objects.
Wire to B-spline: converts Draft Wires to Draft BSplines and vice versa.
Draft to Sketch: converts Draft objects to Sketcher Sketches and vice versa.
Set slope: slopes selected Draft Lines or Draft Wires by increasing, or decreasing, the Z coordinate of all points after the first one.
Flip dimension: rotates the dimension text of selected Draft Dimensions 180° around the dimension line.
Shape 2D view: creates 2D projections from selected objects.
Draft Tray
The Draft Tray allows selecting the working plane, defining style settings, toggling construction mode, and specifying the active layer or group.
Select Plane: selects the current Draft working plane. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → 
Select Plane.
Set style: sets the default style for new objects. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → 
Set style. introduced in version 0.19
Toggle construction mode: switches Draft construction mode on or off. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → 
Toggle construction mode.
AutoGroup: changes the active Draft Layer or, optionally, the active Std Group or group-like Arch object.
Draft annotation scale widget
With the Draft annotation scale widget the Draft annotation scale can be specified. introduced in version 0.19
Draft snap widget
The Draft snap widget can be used as an alternative for the Draft Snap toolbar. introduced in version 0.19
Draft Snap toolbar
The Draft Snap toolbar allows selecting the active snap options. The buttons belonging to active options stay depressed. For general information about snapping see: Draft Snap.
Snap Lock: enables or disables snapping globally.
Snap Endpoint: snaps to the endpoints of edges.
Snap Midpoint: snaps to the midpoint of edges.
Snap Center: snaps to the center point of faces and circular edges, and to the DatePlacement point of Draft WorkingPlaneProxies and Arch BuildingParts.
Snap Angle: snaps to the special cardinal points on circular edges, at multiples of 30° and 45°.
Snap Intersection: snaps to the intersection of two edges.
Snap Perpendicular: snaps to the perpendicular point on edges.
Snap Extension: snaps to an imaginary line that extends beyond the endpoints of straight edges.
Snap Parallel: snaps to an imaginary line parallel to straight edges.
Snap Special: snaps to special points defined by the object.
Snap Near: snaps to the nearest point on faces or edges.
Snap Ortho: snaps to imaginary lines that cross the previous point at 0°, 45°, 90° and 135°.
Snap Grid: snaps to the intersections of grid lines.
Snap WorkingPlane: projects the snap point onto the current working plane.
Snap Dimensions: shows temporary X and Y dimensions.
Toggle Grid: switches the grid on or off.
Utilitare
Layer: creates a Draft Layer. introduced in version 0.19
Add a new named group: creates a named Std Group and moves selected objects to that group. introduced in version 0.20
Move to group...: moves objects to a Std Group. It can also ungroup objects.
Select group: selects the contents of Std Groups or group-like Arch objects.
Add to Construction group: moves objects to the Draft construction group.
Toggle normal/wireframe display: switches the VizualizareDisplay Mode property of selected objects between Flat LinesandWireframe.
Create working plane proxy: creates a working plane proxy to save the current Draft working plane.
Additional tools
O serie de instrumente suplimentare sunt oferite de un meniu Draft → Utilities, sau cu clic-dreapta în meniul contextual, în funcţie de obiectele selectate:
Apply current style: applies the current style settings to selected objects.
Heal: heals problematic Draft objects found in very old files.
Toggle continue mode: switches continue mode on or off.
Show snap toolbar: shows the Draft Snap toolbar.
Caracteristici suplimentare
- Coordinates:
introduceți coordonatele în loc să faceți clic pe vizualizarea 3D pentru a defini un nou punct.
limitați pointerul la mișcări orizontale sau verticale în raport cu un punct anterior.
plasați noi puncte pe locuri speciale pe obiecte existente sau pe grilă.
The following additional options are available in the Tree view context menu:
Default options
If there is an active document the context menu contains one additional sub-menu:
- Utilities: a subset of the tools available in the main Draft Utilities menu.
Wire options
For a Draft Wire, Draft BSpline, Draft CubicBezCurve and Draft BezCurve this additional option is available:
- Flatten this wire: flattens the wire based on its internal geometry. This option currently does not work properly.
Layer container options
For a Draft LayerContainer these additional options are available:
- Merge layer duplicates: merges all layers with the same base label. This does not work in FreeCAD version 0.19.
Add new layer: adds a new layer to the current document.
Layer options
For a Draft Layer these additional options are available:
Activate this layer: activates the selected layer.
- Select layer contents: selects the objects inside the selected layer.
Working plane proxy options
For a Draft WorkingPlaneProxy these additional options are available:
- Write camera position: updates the VizualizareView Data property of the working plane proxy with the current 3D view camera settings.
- Write objects state: updates the VizualizareVisibility Map property of the working plane proxy with the current visibility state of objects in the document.
The following additional options are available in the 3D view context menu:
Default options
If there is an active document the context menu contains one additional sub-menu:
- Utilities: a subset of the tools available in the main Draft Utilities menu.
Obsolete tools
These commands are obsolete but still available:
Array: creates an orthogonal array from a selected object. The created array can be turned into a polar array or a circular array by changing its DateArray Type property. obsolete in version 0.19
Drawing: inserts views of selected objects into a drawing page. obsolete in version 0.17
Preferințe
Preferences: Preferințe disponibile în Atelierul Draft Workbench.
Import-Export Preferences: preferințele disponibile pentru importul și exportul în diferite formate de fișiere.
- Import Export Preferences: preferences available for importing from and exporting to different file formats.
Formate de fişiere
Atelierul Desen 2D (Draft) înzestrează FreeCAD cu importul şi exportul următoarele formate de fişiere:
- Autodesk .DXF: Importă şi exportă fişiere Drawing Exchange Format, create cu aplicaţii CAD bidimensionale (2D)., a se vedea și FreeCAD and DXF Import.
- Autodesk .DWG: imports and exports DWG files via the DXF importer, when the ODA Converter utility is installed. See also FreeCAD and DWG Import.
- SVG (geometrice): Importă şi exportă fişiere Scalable Vector Graphics, create cu programe de desenare vectorială.
- Open Cad format .OCA: Importă şi exportă fişiere OCA/GCAD, un potenţial format nou al fişierelor open CAD.
- Airfoil Data Format .DAT: Importă fişiere DAT care descriu profile Airfoil.
Unit tests
See also: Test Workbench.
To run the unit tests of the workbench execute the following from the operating system terminal:
freecad -t TestDraft
Script
The workbench includes a module to create samples of all objects in a new document. introduced in version 0.19
Use this to test that all objects are produced correctly:
import drafttests.draft_test_objects as dto
doc = dto.create_test_file()
Inspecting the code of this module can help to understand the programming interface.
Tutorials
Îndrumătoare
Draft
- Drafting: Line, Polyline, Fillet, Arc, Arc by 3 points, Circle, Ellipse, Rectangle, Polygon, B-spline, Cubic Bézier curve, Bézier curve, Point, Facebinder, ShapeString, Hatch
- Annotation: Text, Dimension, Label, Annotation styles, Annotation scale
- Modification: Move, Rotate, Scale, Mirror, Offset, Trimex, Stretch, Clone, Array, Polar array, Circular array, Path array, Path Link array, Point Array, Point Link array, Edit, Subelement highlight, Join, Split, Upgrade, Downgrade, Wire to B-spline, Draft to Sketch, Set slope, Flip dimension, Shape 2D view
- Draft Tray: Select Plane, Set style, Toggle construction mode, AutoGroup
- Snapping: Snap Lock, Snap Endpoint, Snap Midpoint, Snap Center, Snap Angle, Snap Intersection, Snap Perpendicular, Snap Extension, Snap Parallel, Snap Special, Snap Near, Snap Ortho, Snap Grid, Snap WorkingPlane, Snap Dimensions, Toggle Grid
- Miscellaneous: Layer, Add a new named group, Move to group, Select group, Add to Construction group, Toggle normal/wireframe display, Create working plane proxy, Apply current style, Heal, Toggle continue mode, Show snap toolbar
- Additional:: Constraining, Pattern, Preferences, Import Export Preferences, DXF/DWG, SVG, OCA, DAT
- Context menu:
- Layer container: Merge layer duplicates, Add new layer
- Layer: Activate this layer, Select layer contents
- Working plane proxy: Write camera position, Write objects state
User documentation
- Getting started
- Installation: Download, Windows, Linux, Mac, Additional components, Docker, AppImage, Ubuntu Snap
- Basics: About FreeCAD, Interface, Mouse navigation, Selection methods, Object name, Preferences, Workbenches, Document structure, Properties, Help FreeCAD, Donate
- Help: Tutorials, Video tutorials
- Workbenches: Std Base, Arch, Draft, FEM, Image, Inspection, Mesh, OpenSCAD, Part, PartDesign, Path, Points, Raytracing, Reverse Engineering, Sketcher, Spreadsheet, Start, Surface, TechDraw, Test Framework, Web
- Deprecated or unmaintained workbenches: Complete, Drawing, Robot
- Hubs: User hub, Power users hub, Developer hub
